THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

Course objectives

Knowledge and understanding At the end of course, the student knows the main concepts of organic chemistry needed both for the knowledge of the molecular structure and for the understanding of the reactivity of the main functional groups. Moreover, the student learns the basic concepts of stereochemistry and reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of course, the student knows and understand the spatial arrangement of the carbon structures and knows how to assign the name to the simplest molecules according to the IUPAC nomenclature; the student can graphically show the structures through the most used conventions and assign the absolute configuration to the stereocenters. Furthermore, the student knows the reactivity of the functional groups according to the general scheme of the main reaction mechanisms. Making judgements The student, at the end of course, can collect and understand information useful to express a proper independent opinion. In particular, he must show a critical and proposing spirit in the discussion of issues inherent to organic compounds and molecules of biological interest, and their implications in global health. Communication skills The student, at the end of course, has the ability to communicate outward the knowledge he has learned during the Master degree, both toward the scientific community and the labor market. In particular, he must be able to provide clear and direct information on chemical reactivity, with particular emphasis to that of the natural products. Learning skills Given the basic training activity of this course, students who have passed the exam are able to undertake the study of other basic and characterizing training activities that have been set in the Master degree.

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ILARIA D'ACQUARICA Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Amines. Structure. Classification and IUPAC nomenclature. Physical properties. Basicity. Reaction of ammonia with alkyl halides. Main methods for the synthesis of amines: Gabriel synthesis; reductive amination. Main reactions of amines: nitrosation, formation of diazonium salts. Reactivity of diazonium salts and possible applications. SANDMEYER reactions. Synthesis of azo-compounds. Carbohydrates. Aldoses and Ketoses. Monosaccharides: physical properties and nomenclature. Stereochemistry. D-and L-glyceraldehyde. Fischer projections. Synthesis of Kiliani-Fischer. Stereoisomerism: epimers. Linear and cyclic structures. The hemiacetals: alpha and beta anomers. The mutarotation. Stability of hemiacetals. Anomeric effect. Reduction reaction: alditole. Oxidation reactions: aldonic or aldaric acid,. Formation of glycosides. Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, cellobiose, sucrose. Polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose. Lipids. Triglycerides. Basic hydrolysis. Phospholipids. Steroids. Alpha-amino acids: Structure, acid-base properties, isoelectric point, titration. Stereoisomerism, L-alpha-amino acids. Classification. Separation and identification methods. Polypeptides and proteins: the peptide bond. Primary structure and analysis of the alpha-amino acid sequence: EDMAN degradation and SANGER method. Synthesis of peptides: liquid-phase and solid-phase synthesis (MERRIFIELD synthesis). Three-dimensional structure of peptides and proteins: secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Non-aromatic and aromatic heterocycles. Five-member rings (thiophene, pyrrole, furan): aromaticity and reactivity. Six -member rings (pyridine and pyrimidine): aromaticity and reactivity. Purines and pyrimidines. The Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution reaction: mechanism. Nucleic acids. Nucleosides and nucleotides. RNA and DNA.
Prerequisites
Students are expected to have basic knowledge of general and inorganic chemistry; in particular the following fundamentals of chemistry must be known: acidity, basicity, hybridization, resonance, aromaticity, reaction rate, transition state.
Books
Autori Vari, CHIMICA ORGANICA ESSENZIALE, Edi-Ermes, Milano, 2018, 2° edizione (a cura di Bruno Botta).
Frequency
The attendance to the course is not mandatory, but strongly recommended.
Exam mode
The exam consists of an oral test which includes 2 or 3 questions on the whole program. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, showing a natural ability to quickly link between them.
Lesson mode
The course consists of frontal lectures. During the lessons, the teacher stimulates the students with questions related to what has just been presented, with the aim of making them participate and stimulate the study at home, lesson by lesson.
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CourseBiotechnologies
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year1st year
  • Semester2nd semester
  • SSDCHIM/06
  • CFU4