Attendance

Amino acids and peptides. Classification and structure of protein amino acids, acid-base properties, dissociation, isoelectric point, stereoisomerism – Non-protein amino acids - Amino acids as precursors of biological molecules - Peptide bond: structure and properties – Glutathione. Proteins. Levels of structural organization of proteins - Protein folding - Chemical and physical denaturants - Proteins assisting folding - The hydrophobic effect - Molecular bases of degenerative diseases caused by misfolding - α and β keratins - Structure and function of hemoglobin and myoglobin – the heme group - Saturation curves - Cooperative effect of oxygen binding on hemoglobin - Bohr effect - Influence of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate - Carbon dioxide transport - Physiological and pathological haemoglobins - Structure, function, biosynthesis and degradation of collagen – Role of vitamin C - Collagen diseases - Electrophoretic analysis – Protein analysis techniques-Immunoglobulins. Enzymes. Generality: active site and specificity - Enzyme kinetics: effect of pH temperature and substrate concentration on reaction rate - Michaelis-Menten equation – Linear transformations: Lineaweaver-Burk graph - Graphical determination of Km and Vmax - Irreversible inhibitors - Competitive and mixed inhibitors. Mechanisms of catalysis and regulation of enzymatic activity – Catalytic mechanism of serine proteases - Allosteric enzymes, positive and negative modulators - Covalent modifications: phosphorylation and dephosphorylation - Zymogens – Isoenzymes and organ damage. Principles of biochemical methodology Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides classification and stereoisomerism – Glycosidic bond – Disaccharides (lactose, saccharose, maltose and cellobiose) – Homopolysaccharides (glycogen, starch and cellulose) - Reserve glucides, structural carbohydrates – Glycosaminoglycans - Glycoproteins – Proteoglycans – AB0 blood groups. Lipids. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids - Essential fatty acids - Triglycerides - Phosphoglycerolipids and sphingolipids - Glycolipids - Arachidonic acid and derivatives (prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes) - Cholesterol and derivatives (bile acids, steroid hormones and cholecalciferol) - Biological membranes - Membrane proteins: integral and peripheral - Passive and active transport mechanisms - Transporters (glucose transporters, chlor-bicarbonate transporter) - Ion channels and pumps.

Nelson, Cox I PRINCIPI DI BIOCHIMICA DI LEHNINGER. Zanichelli ISBN 9788808261489 Donald Voet, Judith G Voet, Charlotte W Pratt. FONDAMENTI DI BIOCHIMICA. Zanichelli ISBN 9788808420961 Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham BIOCHIMICA. Piccin ISBN 9788829922338