Environment and Workplace Prevention Techniques

1. Definition and purposes. Diagram of the relationship between the environment and human health: sources of contamination and routes of exposure (2 hours) 2. Scheme for the prevention of diseases related to the environment: regulation of sources of contamination and their emissions. Specific legislation on environmental matrices (3 hours) 3. Evaluation of the human exposure to pollutants and prevention based on toxicological evidences. Acute effects: definition and specific toxicological studies - acute toxicity. Genetic toxicology (mutagenesis) assessment of metabolism and toxicokinetics. Effects on human health and subchronic and chronic toxicity. Acute and chronic effects: differences (3 hours) 4. Dose/effect and dose/response relationships. Dose effect and dose response correlation curves for essential and non-essential substances (2 hours) 5. Risk assessment (3 hours) 6. Extrapolation of data from animals to humans: animal NoAEL, NoAEL man and ADI. ADI application for limits of restrictive legislation in environmental matrices. Problems of the ADI in practical application: synergistic effects, extrapolation from animals, carcinogens. Definition of the acceptable level of risk for carcinogens (2 hours) 7. Water hygiene: from the environment (Environmental Regulations) to human consumption (Health Regulations) to disposal (Environmental Regulations) to bathing (Health Regulations) (3 hours) 8. Wastes: classification and management (2 hours)

In order to attend the lessons, students must comply with the prerequisites for the year of the course They must have knowledge of general hygiene, basic epidemiology, elements of inorganic and organic chemistry, human physiology

During the course of the lessons, students are provided with handouts, scientific articles, documents of national and international bodies, specific legislation. These documents are constantly updated and provided both in paper and electronic format

compulsory attendance

The final oral exam is carried out simultaneously with the teachers of the other teaching modules. The final grade, expressed in thirtieths with possible honors, is the overall rating of the votes of the individual modules. To pass the exam the student must achieve a grade of not less than 18/30 in each module, and he/her must demonstrate to be able to argue the acquired knowledge. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate that he/she has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and consistent way

Teaching delivered in conventional mode, mainly face to face and in frontal teaching. It is possible that a limited didactic activity is provided electronically. The teaching program contains all the topics that will be covered in class, during which the participation of students will be stimulated through: open questions asked by the teacher, with guided discussion up to the solution openness to voluntary student interventions question time

The atmosphere and the composition of the atmospheric air. Air pollution (sources of pollution and main pollutants) (4 hours) Adverse effects of air pollution on human health: immediate, short term and long term effects. Air pollution control strategies (4 hours) Air quality reference regulations: evolution and current legislation (4 hours) The air quality of the living and working confined environments: occupational and non-occupational exposure to indoor air pollutants (4 hours) Indoor air quality control strategies: monitoring techniques, exposure limits and other preventive strategies to protect human health. National and international regulatory references (4 hours)

To successfully follow the course it is useful for the student to have knowledge on basic concepts of environmental monitoring techniques

F. Auxilia (Autore), M. Pontello (Autore), P. A. Bertazzi (a cura di), I. Grappasonni (a cura di). Igiene e sanità pubblica. Salute e ambiente. 2016. During the course of the lessons, students are provided with educational material, constantly updated, both in paper and computer equipment.

Lessons take place in the classroom through frontal teaching activities or in blended mode (teacher in the classroom with students partly present in the classroom and partly telematic) or telematic. The choice is determined to the indications dictated in accordance with the provisions of current legislation.

Attendance to the lesson is recorded by signing on a specific form

The exam is written, lasting one hour and consists of 5 closed-ended questions. It is possible, during the emergency period determined by the pandemic, that the exam is carried out electronically as an oral test with two questions for each candidate. The final grade results from the arithmetic mean of the grades of the individual modules.

Some issues will be studied in depth through documents available online at https://www.arpalazio.it/

Lectures and classroom exercises during the course of the lessons.