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Introduction: Valence bond theory; ionic and covalent bonds; dipole-dipole bonds, ion-dipole bonds, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces; carbon hybridization. Classification of organic molecules. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Nomenclature, hybridization, structure, chemical-physical properties, structural isomers, conformation (torsional strain, bond angle strain, briefly), hybridization and bond angle. Reactions of alkanes: oxidation and radical halogenation [briefly]. Alkenes Nomenclature, hybridization, structure, chemical-physical properties, stability, geometric isomerism. Reactions of alkenes: addition of hydrogen halides, water, halogens, hydrogenation catalyzed by transition metals like Pd [briefly]. Alkynes Nomenclature, hybridization, structure, chemical-physical properties. Reactions of alkynes: hydrogenation catalyzed by palladium [briefly]. Alkyl Halides Structure, chemical-physical properties. IUPAC nomenclature. Alcohols Nomenclature, chemical-physical properties. Ethers and Epoxides Structure. Nomenclature. Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature, structure, chemical-physical properties. Reactivity [briefly]. Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature, physical properties. [briefly]. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, amides. Nomenclature, chemical-physical properties. Aromatic Compounds Aromatic compounds: benzene. Amines, Anilines, and Phenols Nomenclature, structure, chemical-physical properties. Amino Acids and Carbohydrates Structure. The peptide bond.

For understanding Organic Chemistry lessons, the student needs to have basic knowledge of general and inorganic chemistry, particularly the periodic table, chemical equilibrium, chemical bonds, and fundamental elements of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics.

Notes provided by the instructor For reference: B. Botta, CHIMICA ORGANICA ESSENZIALE, Edi-Ermes, 2° Ed. alternatively: W. H. Brown, T. Poon “INTRODUZIONE ALLA CHIMICA ORGANICA” Terza Edizione, EdiSES, Napoli 2005 H. Hart, L. E. Craine, D. J. Hart, C. M. Hadad “CHIMICA ORGANICA” Sesta Edizione, Zanichelli, Bologna 2008 P. Y. Bruice “ELEMENTI DI CHIMICA ORGANICA” Prima Edizione, EdiSES, Napoli 2007 J. McMurry “FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA ORGANICA” Terza Edizione, Zanichelli, Bologna 2005

Attendance to lectures and exercises, very useful for achieving the course's educational objectives, is mandatory.

The objective of the final exam is to certify the student's knowledge of the topics covered during the course. The final exam consists of a written test, which is preparatory to the oral exam. The written test, with closed questions and closed answers, lasts 30 minutes and consists of a multiple-choice test that can be administered in person or using the Moodle platform. The test is considered passed if the student achieves a score of 18/30 or higher. The Commission reserves the right to admit to the oral exam students whose written test, although not meeting the above requirements, is overall sufficient. The oral exam, with closed questions and open answers, concludes with a grade out of thirty, formulated based on the following elements: 1. Overall evaluation of the written test; 2. Preparation on the entire program covered; 3. Expository clarity and ability; 4. Ability to connect and synthesize the various topics. Passing the exam with the minimum score requires sufficient knowledge of the topics covered in the various parts of the program. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course and be able to logically and coherently connect them. There is no maximum number of exam attempts within the academic year.

The course (1 CFU) is delivered through lectures integrated with exercises. The lectures take place in classrooms equipped with devices suitable for projecting the course slides, which are available to registered students on the Sapienza E-learning platform. The exercises, conducted throughout the duration of the course, cover all the topics discussed during the theoretical lessons and prepare students for the written test. Various review sessions are planned, during which different exercises representative of those given in the exams are illustrated.