Nursing REPLICA A.O. S. CAMILLO

The course in Pathological Anatomy introduces students to the study of the fundamental mechanisms of diseases and the role of the discipline in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, exploring the main methods used in anatomical pathology such as clinical autopsy, biopsy, and intraoperative histological examination. Basic laboratory techniques are presented, from routine stains to immunohistochemical and histochemical methods, up to the latest applications of molecular biology in oncology, including in situ hybridization, PCR, and next-generation sequencing. Particular attention is given to adaptive processes and precancerous changes such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia, as well as to the criteria for classification and prognosis of neoplasms, with reference to the TNM system and the Bloom-Richardson histological grading. The course also covers the main diseases of the respiratory system and the breast, analyzing the morphological and pathogenetic characteristics of asthma, COPD, lung neoplasms, and benign and malignant breast lesions, with reference to prognostic factors and modern molecular approaches. A significant portion is dedicated to inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagitis, gastritis, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatitis, and pancreatitis, as well as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic tumors, studied in their morphological, classificatory, and molecular aspects. By the end of the course, students will be able to interpret tissue and cellular alterations underlying major human diseases, integrating anatomo-pathological data with clinical information for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment.

Robbins e Cotran. Pathologic basis of disease. Edra Masson. Last edition available