Nursing REPLICA ASL ROMA 3 - OSTIA

Basic Concepts of Epistemology o Scientific method: objectivity, falsifiability, controllability o Deductive, inductive, and abductive methods o Research design · Descriptive Statistics o What is statistics o Definitions: datum, population, statistical unit, sample, variable o Classification of collective phenomena and statistical units · Types of Variables and Measurement Scales o Qualitative (nominal and ordinal) vs. Quantitative o Nominal scales: proportions, percentages, ratios o Ordinal scales · Frequency Distributions o Absolute, relative, percentage, and cumulative frequencies o Grouping into classes (for continuous variables) · Graphical Representations o Bar charts, pie charts, histograms o Analysis of distribution shape (normal, skewed, uniform) · Measures of Central Tendency o Mean, median, mode o Weighted mean o Relationship between mean, median, and mode in symmetric and asymmetric distributions · Measures of Dispersion (Introduction) o Range, percentiles, interquartile range o Box plot (overview) o Variance and standard deviation o Coefficient of variation o Skewness and kurtosis · Standard Normal Distribution o Z-score and standardization o Application examples in medicine · Fundamentals of Inferential Statistics o Population and sample o Sampling: probability and non-probability o Types of sampling: simple, systematic, stratified, cluster, multi-stage · Sampling Error and Confidence Intervals o Standard error for proportions and means o Confidence intervals (95%, 99%) o Student's t-distribution · Hypothesis Testing o Null and alternative hypothesis o One-tailed and two-tailed tests o p-value and critical value o Examples with z-test, t-test, and chi-square test · Type I and Type II Errors o Interpretation of errors in a medical context · Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples o Comparison between proportions and means o Confidence intervals for the difference · Research Designs o Experimental studies (RCT) o Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control)