Management and corporate law

Educational objectives

The course introduces the fundamentals of business economics, providing a unified view of the firm as an economic-organisational system aimed at value creation through the production/delivery of goods and services. Students acquire key concepts and vocabulary to understand the firm’s structure, functioning and results, distinguishing operational, managerial and strategic decisions. The course covers basic principles of management, organisation and performance measurement, linking business phenomena to information systems and core economic-financial variables. Particular emphasis is placed on the logic of financial statements and on how results are represented, as well as on the relationship between activities, risks and outcomes across different organisational forms (for-profit, non-profit and public entities). The course also develops awareness of stakeholders and the evolution of reporting models, including essential references to sustainability, responsibility and accountability. Overall, it provides a solid foundation for subsequent accounting, finance and management modules, enabling elementary analysis of business decisions and documents and fostering an integrated economic–organisational perspective.

Educational objectives

The course provides students with a solid foundation in public law, enabling them to understand how modern legal systems are structured and operate, with a focus on the Italian and European context. Students will learn the key concepts needed to analyse the relationship between political power and law, the role of the Constitution, and the functioning of major institutions (Parliament, Government, President of the Republic, Constitutional Court, judiciary), as well as the principles underlying rights and freedoms. The course also introduces the basics of sources of law, multi-level governance (State, Regions, local authorities), and core aspects of public administration, including administrative action and fundamental remedies. Overall, the course aims to equip students with rigorous tools to interpret public rules and decisions critically, also through relevant examples and issues connected to firms and complex organisations.

Educational objectives

The course provides students with essential mathematical foundations for quantitative models in economics and management. It consolidates basic language and techniques (logic, number sets, algebra, functions) and progressively introduces core topics in calculus (limits, continuity, derivatives, function analysis) to interpret changes, growth rates and simple optimisation problems. In line with the syllabus, it also covers basic linear algebra (matrices, systems of equations) and integral calculus (antiderivatives and integrals) as operational foundations for further quantitative and applied courses. Beyond techniques, the course develops students’ problem-solving approach: translating simple real-world situations into mathematical form, performing correct calculations, checking plausibility of results and communicating them clearly.

Educational objectives

The course aims to equip students with the basic tools to understand economic theory and formulate accurate interpretations of contemporary economic phenomena. It analyses the fundamental elements of the discipline, with a particular focus on its relationship with legal disciplines. The objective is for students to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to identify the rules governing the conduct of economic system operators. These skills should enable students to independently evaluate the behaviour of economic agents, such as consumers and firms, and the monetary and fiscal policy interventions implemented by central banks and governments.

Educational objectives

The course introduces students to the main institutions of private law, providing an essential basis to understand legal relationships between parties, the discipline of goods and property rights, and the rules governing obligations and contracts. It develops the essential legal vocabulary and interpretative tools needed to read and apply rules and principles, with attention to sources of law and interpretation criteria. The course aims to strengthen legal reasoning and case analysis skills through examples and exercises, fostering both theoretical and operational understanding of legal transactions and typical business-related issues. In this way, the course fosters robust legal skills that are valuable in business management environments and in corporate legal consultancy, consistent with the degree programme.

Educational objectives

The course provides students with the foundations of general accounting and statutory financial statements, developing the ability to understand how business transactions are recorded, classified and represented in accounting reports. In line with the syllabus, it covers the Italian Civil Code framework and national accounting standards (OIC), financial statement postulates and measurement rules, and the structure/content of the balance sheet and income statement. A key aim is to enable students to read financial statements as an information tool for internal and external stakeholders, linking accounting data, measurement choices and performance representation. The course also introduces basic performance analysis tools (reclassifications and financial ratios) to interpret economic, financial and equity conditions. Practical exercises and cases support an operational learning path, preparing students for subsequent accounting, control and auditing courses.

Educational objectives

The course aims to consolidate and develop students’ English language competence at B2 level, with a focus on academic and pre-professional contexts in economics and management. It strengthens the ability to understand complex texts (reports, guided academic materials), follow spoken input (lectures, presentations, videos), and interact with appropriate fluency in discussions relevant to the degree programme. Emphasis is placed on written production (formal emails, short reports, summaries and reasoned comments) and oral production (short presentations, describing data/results, comparing options). Overall, the course prepares students to use English effectively for study, source consultation and participation in international academic/professional settings, consistently with CEFR B2.

Educational objectives

The course introduces basic principles and tools of business management, focusing on how firms set goals, organise resources and processes, and measure results in a changing competitive environment. It moves from the firm as an economic-organisational system to key managerial functions: strategy, direction, operations and control. Students learn essential concepts of strategic orientation and competitive advantage, linked to choices on structure, resources and capabilities, and the role of information and knowledge management as efficiency/effectiveness levers. Operationally, the course covers production processes and organisational choices affecting quality and performance, highlighting links between operations, supply chain and results. Specific attention is given to planning and control, with elementary tools to evaluate efficiency and connect objectives, measurement and responsibility. Overall, it provides a coherent foundation to interpret managerial decisions and organisational problems, building a shared language for advanced modules and real business cases.

Educational objectives

The course introduces students to economic policy as the analysis and design of public interventions aimed at correcting inefficiencies and pursuing collective goals (efficiency, equity, stability). It explains the rationale for government intervention in market economies, distinguishing between microeconomic failures (market power, externalities, public goods, information asymmetries) and macroeconomic problems (business-cycle instability, inflation, unemployment), and linking them to major theoretical approaches and policy tools. Through the course, students acquire a foundation to interpret stabilisation policies (monetary and fiscal, including liquidity-trap contexts), balance-of-payments and exchange-rate issues, public debt sustainability and policy coordination, as well as European economic governance topics (the euro and fiscal/monetary constraints). The course also covers micro-level public policies (antitrust, cost-benefit analysis, regulation) and structural/trade policies, fostering a critical understanding of trade-offs between growth, stability and distribution.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with the fundamental skills needed to understand, analyse, and interpret data from real-world contexts. First, the course aims to provide an understanding of the fundamentals of probability calculus, which is essential for rigorously addressing uncertainty and building basic statistical models. In the descriptive statistics section, the course aims to develop the ability to describe data sets using synthetic measures such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation, fostering an intuitive understanding of variability and central tendencies. A further objective is to introduce the principles of graphical data representation, including histograms, scatterplots, and bar graphs, essential tools for communicating information clearly and effectively.
Another key aspect of the course involves learning the concepts of statistical inference: students are guided to understand how, starting from a sample, they can formulate estimates and test hypotheses about the reference population. Finally, the course aims to develop a critical approach to data analysis, fostering the ability to evaluate the quality of information, recognise potential biases, and correctly interpret statistical results. Special attention is paid to simple linear regression models, which will enable students to analyse data with relationships and identify patterns of information. This set of skills forms the basis for more advanced studies and professional applications.

Educational objectives

The course introduces the fundamentals of commercial law as the legal framework of business activity. It equips students with tools to understand the rules, actors and key institutions governing markets and the organisation of firms. The course develops structured knowledge of the notions of entrepreneur and business assets, distinctive signs and legal publicity, as well as the main types of companies and their liability regimes. In line with the degree programme objectives, it strengthens students’ ability to address
typical legal issues in business management (organisational choices, contractual relationships, liability profiles), linking them to economic and managerial implications. Emphasis is placed on both understanding the rules and adopting a legal reasoning method useful for operating in complex business contexts and interacting with
administrative, control and legal advisory functions.

Educational objectives

The course introduces students to the financial system—its functions, intermediaries and markets—providing a coherent framework to understand intermediation activities and their economic and managerial logic. It clarifies why intermediaries exist, which services they provide, and how they support the economy through resource allocation, risk management, information production and payment services. The course covers key agents and instruments, focusing on banks and non-bank intermediaries, financial markets, and the conditions affecting efficiency and stability. It also addresses regulation and supervision, the role of the central bank, and the links between monetary policy and credit. Core elements of bank management (equilibria, key risks and governance lines) are introduced, together with concepts needed to understand investment and insurance services. Through group work and applied activities, students gain familiarity with financial language and contemporary developments (innovation, digitalisation and structural change), connecting theory with market facts and preparing for further modules in finance, risk management and markets.

Educational objectives

The course equips students with mathematical and conceptual tools to deal with the time value of money and basic financial operations. It introduces compounding and discounting, relationships between principal, future value and present value, and financial equivalence criteria to compare cash flows across different dates. In line with the syllabus, it covers practical tools used in economics and business: interest rates and factors, annuities and payment streams, loans and amortisation schedules, introductory bond valuation, basic notions of pricing structures, arbitrage and the term structure of interest rates. Overall, students learn how to set up problems correctly, perform accurate calculations, interpret results and understand practical implications for simple financial decisions, building foundations for corporate finance and financial markets courses.

Educational objectives

The course introduces the fundamental principles of tax law and the rationale of taxation, providing students with the conceptual tools to understand how tax obligations arise, are assessed and enforced. It explains the economic and social function of taxes and the constitutional constraints shaping taxation (ability to pay, legality,
progressivity), linking legal rules to issues of equity, efficiency and fiscal sustainability. Students will learn the core categories of taxation (taxpayer, taxable event, tax base, rate, reliefs) and the main phases of the tax relationship—return filing, assessment, collection, refunds and penalties. A specific focus is devoted to taxpayers’ rights and
procedural safeguards, as well as remedies and tax litigation, in order to understand both the powers of the tax authority and the taxpayer’s protection tools. The course also develops awareness of compliance and tax risk aspects relevant to firms and professionals, connecting legislation, administrative practice and interpretation.

Educational objectives

The course introduces the fundamentals of management, explaining how firms and organisations make decisions and coordinate resources to achieve goals in dynamic competitive environments. It provides an integrated conceptual framework of the firm as a system, covering strategy and organisation, decision-making, coordination and control, and relationships with markets and stakeholders. By using core managerial models, the course develops students’ ability to frame managerial problems, identify alternatives and constraints, and outline coherent solutions. In line with the syllabus, attention is also given to innovation, quality and sustainability (green and circular economy) as key drivers of competitiveness and modern management. Overall, the course equips students with basic concepts and tools to analyse simple cases and to support subsequent business-related courses.

Educational objectives

The educational regulations 270 provide, within each Degree Program, a specific number of credits to be allocated to "student's elective activities." The number of credits provided for this course is 12. These activities consist of exams related to modules offered in the Bachelor's Degree programs of the Faculty or other Faculties at Sapienza.

Educational objectives

The final evaluation consists of the preparation and discussion of a written piece of work resulting from extended study. This could be research into a bibliography, for example, or an empirical investigation, related to a subject treated during the degree programme, and related to one or more of the courses included in the curriculum.
The final evaluation consists of the preparation and discussion of a thesis which demonstrates originality on the part of the graduating candidate, supervised by one of more members of the teaching faculty. It should deal with a subject treated during the degree programme and be related to one or more of the courses included in the curriculum.