Medicine and Surgery

Contents: Laboratory analyses in the diagnosis of the acute heart events. Cardiac markers to evaluate ischemic events and chronic disorders. Knowledge of laboratories tests for the evaluation of the liver: markers associated to hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, primary or metastatic cancers. Function tests to evaluate kidney activity: the clearance tests; urine analyses and their significance. Knowledge of the most common circulating tumor markers and their usefulness in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.

Requirements: An intermediate level knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry is required.

Suggested textbooks: Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science) Henry's: La diagnosi e la gestione clinica delle malattie con metodi di laboratorio. McPherson, Richard A; Pincus, Matthew R. Edizione 23. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2017.

Compulsory in presence

Evaluation methods: The student must take an oral interview, demonstrate that he has acquired the main and fundamental concepts of Laboratory Medicine and be able to communicate both to the teachers of its future exames, but above all communicate to his future patients what he has learned.

Contents: Formal Teaching (Topics) The request of clinical analyses - Urgent and routine analyses
- The concepts of prevention, early medical diagnosis and follow up
- Methods to obtain biological samples and their application. Collection and validity of biological samples - Quality control in the clinical laboratory, between laboratories and on a global scale - Sensitivity and specificity of clinical methods. Significance and diagnostic relevance of the analysis results - Methods for clinical microbiology and parasitology. Timeline and interpretation of the results - Clinical microbiology of infectious diseases of organs and apparatuses
- Blood parasites; intestinal parasites.
- Biochemical characterization of dysmetabolic conditions
- Purine metabolism; hyperuricemias. - Disorders of heme biosynthesis; porphyrias - Heme degradation; jaundice - Measurement and identification of proteins; electrophoresis - Acute phase proteins and complement - Lipoproteins and dyslipidemias - Glucose metabolism; glycemia; diabetes mellitus - The urea cycle and its disorders - Disorders of the metabolism of aminoacids - Acid-base equilibrium and its dirsorders - Enzymes in the blood and their clinical significance – Laboratory Medicine in the screening of newborns for genetic and metabolic disorders; the usefulseness of a screening test. Laboratory medicine for the evaluation of the cardiovascular and renal apparatuses; assays to monitor liver pathophysiology; Transfusion Medicine - Laboratory Medicine of Immune Disorders. Histocompatibility Testing and Transplantation. Interactive teaching (goals) Selection of the analysis to be carried out in relation to the patient's disease. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative alterations of the most relevant analytes. Apprenticeship (practical laboratory) How to effect a standard laboratory analysis of the urine (physical, chemical and microbiological). How to prepare a blood smear; how to read a hemocytometric (non-pathological) test.

Requirements: An intermediate level knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry is required.

Suggested textbooks: Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science) Henry's: La diagnosi e la gestione clinica delle malattie con metodi di laboratorio. McPherson, Richard A; Pincus, Matthew R. Edizione 23. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2017.

Compulsory in presence

Evaluation methods: The student must take an oral interview, demonstrate that he has acquired the main and fundamental concepts of Laboratory Medicine and be able to communicate both to the teachers of its future exames, but above all communicate to his future patients what he has learned.