European studies

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Curriculum(s) for 2025 - European studies (33468)

EU's Law and Economics (Percorso valido anche per coloro che partecipano al percorso internazionale di doppio titolo italo-nicaraguense)

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051841 \| Economics of European Integration	1st	9	SECS-P/01	ENG
Educational objectives • Knowledge and understanding: Students will gain a systematic understanding of the main processes of economic integration in Europe, with particular reference to the historical, institutional, and theoretical development of the European Union. The course provides the tools needed to understand the functioning of the single market, the customs union, cohesion policy, and the economic and monetary union, as well as the economic foundations of European policies. • Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will develop the ability to apply economic models and concepts to critically analyze the impact of EU policies on markets, member states, and citizens. They will be able to interpret and evaluate data, official reports, and impact assessments related to European integration, and to use comparative approaches to understand national differences within the EU. • Making judgements: The course aims to strengthen students’ critical judgment concerning the economic and distributive effects of European integration. Students will be able to independently evaluate EU policy choices, highlighting the benefits, costs, and trade-offs of various intervention strategies, also considering institutional and political constraints. • Communication skills: Students will acquire the skills to communicate clearly, effectively, and persuasively, using language appropriate to the economic discipline and to the context of European integration. They will be able to present data, arguments, and evaluations in both written and oral form, including in interdisciplinary settings. • Learning skills: The course will provide students with the tools to independently deepen their understanding of European economic issues, fostering connections with related disciplines (EU law, economic policy, public economics) and enabling them to engage with official sources and documents from EU institutions.
1052122 \| European and Italian Public Law	1st	9	IUS/09	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge of the general frame of the historical evolution of western constitutionalism, as well as on its relation with constitutional experiences. Knowledge of the dynamics typical of multilevel constitutionalism. Knowledge of the constitutional and legal dimensions of human dignity, as well as of the relation between constitutional comparison, relation among legal orders, and protection of fundamental rights. Ability to discuss cases, orally or in writing.
10621350 \| ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND ECONOMICS	1st	9	SECS-P/02	ENG
1052118 \| Business law	2nd	9	IUS/05	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of commercial law in the European context. Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the lessons is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics that characterize commercial law and company administration, in the European context and that he is able to analyze and resolve legal problems and disputes relating to the application of commercial and financial law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private individuals in the conclusion of contracts. Autonomy of judgment: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous capacity for analysis of commercial law, in the light of constitutional and codified principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational jurisprudential decisions. Communication skills: at the end of the course the student must be able to adequately explain the notions of commercial law learned, being able to independently make logical-legal connections within the subject, with an appropriate legal language. Learning ability: at the end of the course the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of European commercial law.
10621353 \| EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND INTERNAL MARKET	2nd	9	IUS/14	ENG
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051725 \| Law and Economics I	1st	9	SECS-P/03	ENG
Educational objectives - Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire knowledge about the role of public intervention in the economy and the overall structure of regulation. The course, using a law and economics approach, is oriented to develop the ability to understand both the reasons, efficiency and equity, behind public intervention in the economy and the economic effects generated by regulation on the economic choices of economic operators. - Applying knowledge and understanding: students will be offered a set of conceptual/theoretical and analytical tools useful for interpreting the effects generated by regulation on economic activities and for understanding the trade-offs associated with any form of public correction. - Making judgements: through the knowledge and skills acquired, students will acquire awareness of the methods for analysing, evaluating and commenting, also critically and with autonomy of judgement, on the different technical options of regulation within the economic system. - Communication skills: students will be able to expound and interpret, with an interdisciplinary economic-legal approach, also with respect to the current reference context, the different possible options of regulatory approaches in the economy. - Learning skills: the knowledge of the teaching path outlined is geared to enable students to develop their learning skills for the study of both the complementary disciplines of a legal and economic nature.
10621354 \| EUROPEAN ECONOMIC POLICY	1st	9	SECS-P/02	ENG
Elective course	1st	6	ENG
1052125 \| Law and economics II	2nd	9	SECS-P/03	ENG
Educational objectives This course provides an introduction to the application of economic principles to the study of legal systems and institutions. It examines how laws influence the behavior of individuals and organizations, and how legal rules can affect societal welfare and resource distribution. By utilizing economic concepts, the course offers insights into the relationship between law and economic outcomes. The initial section of the course will cover essential concepts such as efficiency, market failures, externalities, and the Coase Theorem. Following this, students will explore how economic analysis can be applied to various areas of private law, including property law, contracts, and torts. The course also delves into how legal frameworks impact incentives and decision-making, while considering the broader economic and ethical considerations involved. Upon completion, students will be equipped with the skills to apply economic reasoning to legal questions, evaluate the impact of legal rules, and engage in discussions about the role of law in shaping economic behavior and policy.
Elective course	2nd	6	ENG
AAF1518 \| THESIS WORK	2nd	18	ENG
Educational objectives The final examination consists of the preparation of a thesis, written and discussed in English, on a specific topic agreed upon with a faculty member responsible for one of the courses included in the student’s curriculum. The thesis must be developed in a critical and original manner, under the supervision of a faculty advisor, and is intended to demonstrate the student's command of scientific knowledge and methodologies, argumentative and interpretative skills, as well as project planning and organizational abilities acquired over the two-year program. Moreover, the final examination also provides evidence of the candidate’s ability to effectively engage in a public discussion and defend the arguments presented. The assessment criteria are defined in the Degree Program's Academic Regulations.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
New AAF group

Comparative and European Law (Percorso valido anche per coloro che partecipano al percorso internazionale di doppio titolo italo-albanese)

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10621394 \| Artificial intelligence privacy and private law	1st	9	IUS/01	ENG
Educational objectives Course Description – "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" The course "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" provides students with the necessary tools to understand the interactions between intelligent technologies, privacy protection, and private law, through an interdisciplinary approach focused on the critical analysis of emerging legal challenges. 1. Knowledge and Understanding Students will acquire an integrated understanding of the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence, the right to personal data protection (particularly the GDPR), and the core categories of private law as they apply to digital contexts. The course also explores theoretical and systemic implications of deploying intelligent technologies within legal relationships. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding Students will be able to apply acquired legal tools to analyze real-world cases where AI impacts fundamental rights and private law relations, such as automated decision-making, profiling, and the use of personal data in digital contracts. They will also develop the ability to identify and assess emerging regulatory challenges. 3. Making Judgements Students will develop the capacity to formulate autonomous and well-reasoned critical judgments regarding the adequacy of existing legal norms, the compatibility between emerging technologies and legal principles, and the identification of appropriate regulatory responses. Ethical implications of technological choices in the legal domain will also be considered. 4. Communication Skills Students will be able to clearly and rigorously communicate complex legal arguments, both orally and in writing, addressing both specialist and non-specialist audiences (e.g., engineers, legal professionals, policymakers, or the general public). 5. Learning Skills The course fosters independent and interdisciplinary learning skills, enabling students to critically and proactively follow the evolving legal and technological landscape concerning AI, privacy, and private law, both in academic and professional contexts.
1052172 \| Comparative and European Public Law	1st	9	IUS/21	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge of the general frame of the historical evolution of western constitutionalism, as well as on its relation with constitutional experiences. Knowledge of the dynamics typical of multilevel constitutionalism. Knowledge of the constitutional and legal dimensions of human dignity, as well as of the relation between constitutional comparison, relation among legal orders, and protection of fundamental rights. Ability to discuss cases, orally or in writing.
1052189 \| History of European Law	1st	9	IUS/19	ENG
Educational objectives 1. Knowledge and understanding: at the end of the learning process, students will have acquired knowledge of the essential lines of the evolution of European legal history. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, students will be able to use the main legal sources (norm, doctrine, jurisprudence). 3. Making judgements: through an analysis of the main positions of doctrine and jurisprudence, students will be able to develop an autonomous critical evaluation of the legal phenomena of European history. 4. Communication skills: At the end of the learning process, students will be able to relate and connect the most important stages of European legal history. 5. Learning skills: After the course students will be able to grasp the lines of continuity and fractures in the history of European law, applying this ability to the analysis of contemporary and future legal phenomena.
10621353 \| EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND INTERNAL MARKET	2nd	9	IUS/14	ENG
1052124 \| International Law	2nd	9	IUS/13	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding - The student should demonstrate that he/she has acquired a basic knowledge of the main legal concepts of international law and a correct methodology of study of the subject. Applying Knowledge and understanding - The student should demonstrate that he/she can apply the knowledge he/she has acquired to concrete contexts and specific cases concerning international relations; that he/she can identify international rules and their content, determine the consequences of possible violations and assess the effects of international rules on domestic law. Making judgement - the student should demonstrate that he/she can discuss concrete cases and qualify the conduct of the parties concerned in the light of international law and that he/she is able to take reasoned and legally tenable positions concerning the main current international issues Communication skills - The student should demonstrate his/her ability to express the notions acquired with argumentative consistency, logical-systematic rigour, and language skills Learning skills - The student must demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to independently further the study of specific problems relating to international law
Elective Courses Private and international law area
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1052283 \| Comparative and European Administrative Law	1st	6	IUS/10	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and ability to understand: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of administrative law, in a comparative and European perspecrive. Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics characterising administrative law and administration, also in the comparative and European context, and to be able to analyse and solve legal problems and disputes regardin the application of administrative law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private subjects in administrative proceedings and processes. Autonomy of judgement: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous ability to analyse administrative law in a sufficiently autonomous manner, in the light of constitutional principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational case law. Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to explain the main topic of administrative law in an adequate manner, being able to autonomously make logical-legal connections within the subjects, using appropriate legal language. Learning ability: at the end of the course, the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of administrative law.
1056319 \| European Company Law	1st	6	IUS/04	ENG
1051725 \| Law and Economics I	1st	9	SECS-P/03	ENG
Educational objectives - Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire knowledge about the role of public intervention in the economy and the overall structure of regulation. The course, using a law and economics approach, is oriented to develop the ability to understand both the reasons, efficiency and equity, behind public intervention in the economy and the economic effects generated by regulation on the economic choices of economic operators. - Applying knowledge and understanding: students will be offered a set of conceptual/theoretical and analytical tools useful for interpreting the effects generated by regulation on economic activities and for understanding the trade-offs associated with any form of public correction. - Making judgements: through the knowledge and skills acquired, students will acquire awareness of the methods for analysing, evaluating and commenting, also critically and with autonomy of judgement, on the different technical options of regulation within the economic system. - Communication skills: students will be able to expound and interpret, with an interdisciplinary economic-legal approach, also with respect to the current reference context, the different possible options of regulatory approaches in the economy. - Learning skills: the knowledge of the teaching path outlined is geared to enable students to develop their learning skills for the study of both the complementary disciplines of a legal and economic nature.
Elective course	2nd	12	ENG
AAF1518 \| THESIS WORK	2nd	18	ENG
Educational objectives The final examination consists of the preparation of a thesis, written and discussed in English, on a specific topic agreed upon with a faculty member responsible for one of the courses included in the student’s curriculum. The thesis must be developed in a critical and original manner, under the supervision of a faculty advisor, and is intended to demonstrate the student's command of scientific knowledge and methodologies, argumentative and interpretative skills, as well as project planning and organizational abilities acquired over the two-year program. Moreover, the final examination also provides evidence of the candidate’s ability to effectively engage in a public discussion and defend the arguments presented. The assessment criteria are defined in the Degree Program's Academic Regulations.
Elective Courses Private and international law area
Elective courses Public law area
New AAF group

European Law, Institutions and Innovative Markets

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051841 \| Economics of European Integration	1st	9	SECS-P/01	ENG
Educational objectives • Knowledge and understanding: Students will gain a systematic understanding of the main processes of economic integration in Europe, with particular reference to the historical, institutional, and theoretical development of the European Union. The course provides the tools needed to understand the functioning of the single market, the customs union, cohesion policy, and the economic and monetary union, as well as the economic foundations of European policies. • Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will develop the ability to apply economic models and concepts to critically analyze the impact of EU policies on markets, member states, and citizens. They will be able to interpret and evaluate data, official reports, and impact assessments related to European integration, and to use comparative approaches to understand national differences within the EU. • Making judgements: The course aims to strengthen students’ critical judgment concerning the economic and distributive effects of European integration. Students will be able to independently evaluate EU policy choices, highlighting the benefits, costs, and trade-offs of various intervention strategies, also considering institutional and political constraints. • Communication skills: Students will acquire the skills to communicate clearly, effectively, and persuasively, using language appropriate to the economic discipline and to the context of European integration. They will be able to present data, arguments, and evaluations in both written and oral form, including in interdisciplinary settings. • Learning skills: The course will provide students with the tools to independently deepen their understanding of European economic issues, fostering connections with related disciplines (EU law, economic policy, public economics) and enabling them to engage with official sources and documents from EU institutions.
1052122 \| European and Italian Public Law	1st	9	IUS/09	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge of the general frame of the historical evolution of western constitutionalism, as well as on its relation with constitutional experiences. Knowledge of the dynamics typical of multilevel constitutionalism. Knowledge of the constitutional and legal dimensions of human dignity, as well as of the relation between constitutional comparison, relation among legal orders, and protection of fundamental rights. Ability to discuss cases, orally or in writing.
10621350 \| ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND ECONOMICS	1st	9	SECS-P/02	ENG
10621394 \| Artificial intelligence privacy and private law	1st	9	IUS/01	ENG
Educational objectives Course Description – "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" The course "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" provides students with the necessary tools to understand the interactions between intelligent technologies, privacy protection, and private law, through an interdisciplinary approach focused on the critical analysis of emerging legal challenges. 1. Knowledge and Understanding Students will acquire an integrated understanding of the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence, the right to personal data protection (particularly the GDPR), and the core categories of private law as they apply to digital contexts. The course also explores theoretical and systemic implications of deploying intelligent technologies within legal relationships. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding Students will be able to apply acquired legal tools to analyze real-world cases where AI impacts fundamental rights and private law relations, such as automated decision-making, profiling, and the use of personal data in digital contracts. They will also develop the ability to identify and assess emerging regulatory challenges. 3. Making Judgements Students will develop the capacity to formulate autonomous and well-reasoned critical judgments regarding the adequacy of existing legal norms, the compatibility between emerging technologies and legal principles, and the identification of appropriate regulatory responses. Ethical implications of technological choices in the legal domain will also be considered. 4. Communication Skills Students will be able to clearly and rigorously communicate complex legal arguments, both orally and in writing, addressing both specialist and non-specialist audiences (e.g., engineers, legal professionals, policymakers, or the general public). 5. Learning Skills The course fosters independent and interdisciplinary learning skills, enabling students to critically and proactively follow the evolving legal and technological landscape concerning AI, privacy, and private law, both in academic and professional contexts.
Mandatory Group International and European Law
Elective Course Public Law Area
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10621359 \| LAW AND ECONOMICS I	1st	6	SECS-P/03	ENG
Educational objectives - Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire knowledge about the role of public intervention in the economy and the overall structure of regulation. The course, using a law and economics approach, is oriented to develop the ability to understand both the reasons, efficiency and equity, behind public intervention in the economy and the economic effects generated by regulation on the economic choices of economic operators. - Applying knowledge and understanding: students will be offered a set of conceptual/theoretical and analytical tools useful for interpreting the effects generated by regulation on economic activities and for understanding the trade-offs associated with any form of public correction. - Making judgements: through the knowledge and skills acquired, students will acquire awareness of the methods for analysing, evaluating and commenting, also critically and with autonomy of judgement, on the different technical options of regulation within the economic system. - Communication skills: students will be able to expound and interpret, with an interdisciplinary economic-legal approach, also with respect to the current reference context, the different possible options of regulatory approaches in the economy. - Learning skills: the knowledge of the teaching path outlined is geared to enable students to develop their learning skills for the study of both the complementary disciplines of a legal and economic nature.
Elective course	1st	6	ENG
10621361 \| REGULATING DIGITAL PLATFORMS	2nd	9	SECS-P/03	ENG
Educational objectives The course Regulating Digital Platforms explores the regulatory challenges posed by major digital platforms and the legal and policy tools available to address them at national and international levels. By the end of the course, the student will be able to: Understand the role of digital platforms in today’s economy and society, with particular attention to market power, network effects, and the collection and use of personal data. Analyze key regulatory approaches at national, supranational, and international levels, including legal instruments such as the Digital Services Act (DSA), the Digital Markets Act (DMA), data protection regulations (GDPR), and antitrust laws. Critically assess the legal and ethical challenges of platform governance, including issues such as content moderation, algorithmic transparency, freedom of expression, and automated discrimination. Apply concepts and theories to real-world case studies, developing legal and policy-oriented arguments on current scenarios (e.g., regulation of Meta, Google, Amazon, TikTok, etc.). Develop comparative analysis skills, examining alternative regulatory models (e.g., EU, United States, China) and assessing their strengths and weaknesses. Design innovative and sustainable regulatory solutions, balancing the protection of fundamental rights, the promotion of innovation, and fair competition. Effectively communicate complex arguments, both orally and in writing, to academic, institutional, and professional audiences.
Elective course	2nd	6	ENG
AAF1518 \| THESIS WORK	2nd	18	ENG
Educational objectives The final examination consists of the preparation of a thesis, written and discussed in English, on a specific topic agreed upon with a faculty member responsible for one of the courses included in the student’s curriculum. The thesis must be developed in a critical and original manner, under the supervision of a faculty advisor, and is intended to demonstrate the student's command of scientific knowledge and methodologies, argumentative and interpretative skills, as well as project planning and organizational abilities acquired over the two-year program. Moreover, the final examination also provides evidence of the candidate’s ability to effectively engage in a public discussion and defend the arguments presented. The assessment criteria are defined in the Degree Program's Academic Regulations.
Elective Course Public Law Area
Elective Courses International and Private Area
Elective Courses 2 International and Private Area
New AAF group

Optional groups

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10589162 \| Law and religion	1st	1st	6	IUS/11	ENG
10621351 \| ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PRIVACY AND PRIVATE LAW	1st	1st	6	IUS/01	ENG
Educational objectives Course Description – "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" The course "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" provides students with the necessary tools to understand the interactions between intelligent technologies, privacy protection, and private law, through an interdisciplinary approach focused on the critical analysis of emerging legal challenges. 1. Knowledge and Understanding Students will acquire an integrated understanding of the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence, the right to personal data protection (particularly the GDPR), and the core categories of private law as they apply to digital contexts. The course also explores theoretical and systemic implications of deploying intelligent technologies within legal relationships. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding Students will be able to apply acquired legal tools to analyze real-world cases where AI impacts fundamental rights and private law relations, such as automated decision-making, profiling, and the use of personal data in digital contracts. They will also develop the ability to identify and assess emerging regulatory challenges. 3. Making Judgements Students will develop the capacity to formulate autonomous and well-reasoned critical judgments regarding the adequacy of existing legal norms, the compatibility between emerging technologies and legal principles, and the identification of appropriate regulatory responses. Ethical implications of technological choices in the legal domain will also be considered. 4. Communication Skills Students will be able to clearly and rigorously communicate complex legal arguments, both orally and in writing, addressing both specialist and non-specialist audiences (e.g., engineers, legal professionals, policymakers, or the general public). 5. Learning Skills The course fosters independent and interdisciplinary learning skills, enabling students to critically and proactively follow the evolving legal and technological landscape concerning AI, privacy, and private law, both in academic and professional contexts.
10621352 \| EUROPEAN COMPETITION AND STATE AID LAW	1st	1st	6	IUS/14	ENG
1052283 \| Comparative and European Administrative Law	1st	1st	6	IUS/10	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and ability to understand: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of administrative law, in a comparative and European perspecrive. Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics characterising administrative law and administration, also in the comparative and European context, and to be able to analyse and solve legal problems and disputes regardin the application of administrative law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private subjects in administrative proceedings and processes. Autonomy of judgement: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous ability to analyse administrative law in a sufficiently autonomous manner, in the light of constitutional principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational case law. Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to explain the main topic of administrative law in an adequate manner, being able to autonomously make logical-legal connections within the subjects, using appropriate legal language. Learning ability: at the end of the course, the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of administrative law.
10621370 \| Hermeneutics and European Law	1st	1st	6	IUS/20	ENG
10621355 \| EUROPEAN CRIMINAL AND PROCEDURAL LAW	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/17	ENG
1052130 \| Foundations of European Law	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/18	ENG
1052290 \| INTERNATIONAL LAW	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/13	ENG

The student must acquire 9 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051809 \| ECONOMIC HISTORY	1st	2nd	9	SECS-P/12	ENG
1052128 \| History of International Relations and European Institutions	1st	2nd	9	SPS/06	ENG

The student must acquire 3 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
AAF1752 \| Stages and professional training	2nd	2nd	3	ENG
Educational objectives The internships and traineeships component of the European Studies program is designed to achieve the following learning objectives: Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics of European integration through direct experience in institutions, organizations, or companies operating in the European context Develop the ability to apply the interdisciplinary skills acquired during the program in real professional settings, with a focus on analytical, managerial, communicative, and problem-solving tasks Foster independent judgment and critical thinking in evaluating the activities and processes observed during the internship experience Enhance communication skills, including foreign language proficiency, through interaction in international or multicultural work environments Support lifelong learning and professional development by encouraging autonomy in task execution and critical reflection on the internship experience
AAF2482 \| Participation in seminars conferences and professional training courses	2nd	2nd	3	ENG
Educational objectives Participation in seminars, conferences, and professional training courses is an integral part of the European Studies program, aimed at broadening and consolidating students' interdisciplinary knowledge while fostering engagement with the research community, European institutions, and professional practices. Specifically, this activity aims to: Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics that characterize European integration through direct interaction with experts and professionals in the field. Develop the ability to apply theoretical concepts learned in the course to real-world contexts, analyzing case studies, policy papers, institutional experiences, and European governance practices. Foster autonomy of judgment by encouraging critical reflection on diverse approaches, perspectives, and analytical tools, and by promoting the development of well-reasoned, personal viewpoints. Enhance communication skills, particularly in professional and academic international settings, through active participation in debates, questions, presentations, and networking opportunities. Support lifelong learning skills by encouraging students to remain open and curious about the evolving European context, and to continuously update their knowledge.

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10596322 \| Comparative contract law	1st	2nd	6	IUS/02	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding skills: Knowledge of the main features of the topic. Applied knowledge and understanding: Develop critical and interpretation skills. Autonomy of judgment: Ability to critically address key issues of the topic.
1052289 \| Business Law	1st	2nd	6	IUS/05	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of commercial law in the European context. Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the lessons is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics that characterize commercial law and company administration, in the European context and that he is able to analyze and resolve legal problems and disputes relating to the application of commercial and financial law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private individuals in the conclusion of contracts. Autonomy of judgment: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous capacity for analysis of commercial law, in the light of constitutional and codified principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational jurisprudential decisions. Communication skills: at the end of the course the student must be able to adequately explain the notions of commercial law learned, being able to independently make logical-legal connections within the subject, with an appropriate legal language. Learning ability: at the end of the course the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of European commercial law.
1052243 \| European civil procedure and arbitration	1st	2nd	6	IUS/15	ENG
1052140 \| European Legal System	1st	2nd	6	IUS/02	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding: solid basic training. Applied knowledge and understanding: problem solving skills. Autonomy of judgment: ability to analyze and evaluate. Communication: ability to interact. Ability to learn: good study methodology.
1052129 \| COMPARATIVE PRIVATE LAW	1st	2nd	6	IUS/02	ENG
Educational objectives The course aims at introducing students to the study of comparative law, paying particular attention to the methodological premises and the practical goals and, among the latter, to the pivotal role it plays with respect to the process of harmonization of private law at both European and global levels. Students will be introduced to the usefulness of legal comparison as a tool to understand the complexity of the contemporary legal landscape, characterized by the interaction between sources of law operating at different levels and by cross-fertilization among various legal traditions. The course also intends to stimulate a better and more critical understanding by students of their own legal system through the comparison with foreign experiences.
10600249 \| INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL LAW	1st	2nd	6	IUS/04	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding Critical knowledge of the core subjects related to the course, in both international and national law perspective, in a systematic perspective. Knowledge and understanding of the economic ratio behind the issues covered, taking into account the international debate and the political-economic implications. Applying knowledge and understanding Ability to apply knowledge acquired during the course in order to analyse and discuss controversial cases in a consistent way. Making judgements Improvement of the ability to understand and critically assess the core subjects related to the course, considering also the political-economic implications; ability to connect, in a consistent way, the different issues examined in the course. Communication skills Improvement of the ability to describe and discuss, in a clear and appropriate legal language, the core subjects and the controversial issues of international contracts law. Learning skills Improvement of the ability to study in an independent and critical way.
10616820 \| INTERNATIONAL LAW II	2nd	1st	6	IUS/13	ENG
Educational objectives The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of how international law addresses global challenges such as climate change, migration, and pandemics. Students will acquire the ability to identify the functions and limitations of international law with respect to current global challenges and to understand the different types of international legal instruments and their implications and relevance in different contexts. It is a 6-credit course designed to complement and supplement the 9-credit basic course in international law. Therefore, students cannot take this exam without first passing the International Law exam (9 credits). Current issues will be addressed in light of the knowledge already acquired in the 9-credit international law course.

The student must acquire 9 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051809 \| ECONOMIC HISTORY	1st	2nd	9	SECS-P/12	ENG
1052128 \| History of International Relations and European Institutions	1st	2nd	9	SPS/06	ENG

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1052130 \| Foundations of European Law	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/18	ENG
10621355 \| EUROPEAN CRIMINAL AND PROCEDURAL LAW	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/17	ENG
1052274 \| Fundamental Rights	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/09	ENG
Educational objectives By the end of the Fundamental Rights Course, students should be able to place the protection of rights in a close relationship with powers (Art. 16 Declaration of Human Rights 1789) and be able to understand the differences between constitutional, supranational and international protection. In other words, a critical approach to the protection of rights is favored, including considering the different effects of the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the constitutional protection that is the one most closely linked to a country's historical identity.
10621358 \| MIGRATION AND EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/08	ENG
Educational objectives The aim of the course is for students to acquire the knowledge necessary to critically analyse the legal issues concerning the constitutional status of foreigners, fundamental rights and duties of migrants and asylum seekers, as well as EU and Italian migration/asylum law. These issues will be analysed in order to highlight the peculiar legal problems related to the intertwining of constitutional principles and national legislation, on the one hand, and constraints arising from European Union law, international law, and the European Convention on Human Rights, on the other hand. To this purpose, preference will be given to historical and comparative analysis, which will allow students to acquire, also through interactive learning methods, the necessary legal language and presentation skills.

The student must acquire 9 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10621353 \| EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND INTERNAL MARKET	1st	2nd	9	IUS/14	ENG
1052124 \| International Law	1st	2nd	9	IUS/13	ITA
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding - The student should demonstrate that he/she has acquired a basic knowledge of the main legal concepts of international law and a correct methodology of study of the subject. Applying Knowledge and understanding - The student should demonstrate that he/she can apply the knowledge he/she has acquired to concrete contexts and specific cases concerning international relations; that he/she can identify international rules and their content, determine the consequences of possible violations and assess the effects of international rules on domestic law. Making judgement - the student should demonstrate that he/she can discuss concrete cases and qualify the conduct of the parties concerned in the light of international law and that he/she is able to take reasoned and legally tenable positions concerning the main current international issues Communication skills - The student should demonstrate his/her ability to express the notions acquired with argumentative consistency, logical-systematic rigour, and language skills Learning skills - The student must demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to independently further the study of specific problems relating to international law

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1052274 \| Fundamental Rights	1st	2nd	6	IUS/09	ENG
Educational objectives By the end of the Fundamental Rights Course, students should be able to place the protection of rights in a close relationship with powers (Art. 16 Declaration of Human Rights 1789) and be able to understand the differences between constitutional, supranational and international protection. In other words, a critical approach to the protection of rights is favored, including considering the different effects of the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the constitutional protection that is the one most closely linked to a country's historical identity.
10621358 \| MIGRATION AND EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW	1st	2nd	6	IUS/08	ENG
Educational objectives The aim of the course is for students to acquire the knowledge necessary to critically analyse the legal issues concerning the constitutional status of foreigners, fundamental rights and duties of migrants and asylum seekers, as well as EU and Italian migration/asylum law. These issues will be analysed in order to highlight the peculiar legal problems related to the intertwining of constitutional principles and national legislation, on the one hand, and constraints arising from European Union law, international law, and the European Convention on Human Rights, on the other hand. To this purpose, preference will be given to historical and comparative analysis, which will allow students to acquire, also through interactive learning methods, the necessary legal language and presentation skills.
1052130 \| Foundations of European Law	1st	2nd	6	IUS/18	ENG
1052283 \| Comparative and European Administrative Law	2nd	1st	6	IUS/10	ENG
Educational objectives Knowledge and ability to understand: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of administrative law, in a comparative and European perspecrive. Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics characterising administrative law and administration, also in the comparative and European context, and to be able to analyse and solve legal problems and disputes regardin the application of administrative law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private subjects in administrative proceedings and processes. Autonomy of judgement: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous ability to analyse administrative law in a sufficiently autonomous manner, in the light of constitutional principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational case law. Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to explain the main topic of administrative law in an adequate manner, being able to autonomously make logical-legal connections within the subjects, using appropriate legal language. Learning ability: at the end of the course, the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of administrative law.
10589162 \| Law and religion	2nd	1st	6	IUS/11	ENG
10621360 \| COMPARATIVE AND EUROPEAN PUBLIC LAW	2nd	1st	6	IUS/21	ENG

The student must acquire 9 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1051809 \| ECONOMIC HISTORY	1st	2nd	9	SECS-P/12	ENG
1052128 \| History of International Relations and European Institutions	1st	2nd	9	SPS/06	ENG

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1056319 \| European Company Law	2nd	1st	6	IUS/04	ITA
10621352 \| EUROPEAN COMPETITION AND STATE AID LAW	2nd	1st	6	IUS/14	ENG
1052241 \| European Taxation Law	2nd	1st	6	IUS/12	ITA
10616820 \| INTERNATIONAL LAW II	2nd	1st	6	IUS/13	ITA
Educational objectives The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of how international law addresses global challenges such as climate change, migration, and pandemics. Students will acquire the ability to identify the functions and limitations of international law with respect to current global challenges and to understand the different types of international legal instruments and their implications and relevance in different contexts. It is a 6-credit course designed to complement and supplement the 9-credit basic course in international law. Therefore, students cannot take this exam without first passing the International Law exam (9 credits). Current issues will be addressed in light of the knowledge already acquired in the 9-credit international law course.

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10600249 \| INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL LAW	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/04	ITA
Educational objectives Knowledge and understanding Critical knowledge of the core subjects related to the course, in both international and national law perspective, in a systematic perspective. Knowledge and understanding of the economic ratio behind the issues covered, taking into account the international debate and the political-economic implications. Applying knowledge and understanding Ability to apply knowledge acquired during the course in order to analyse and discuss controversial cases in a consistent way. Making judgements Improvement of the ability to understand and critically assess the core subjects related to the course, considering also the political-economic implications; ability to connect, in a consistent way, the different issues examined in the course. Communication skills Improvement of the ability to describe and discuss, in a clear and appropriate legal language, the core subjects and the controversial issues of international contracts law. Learning skills Improvement of the ability to study in an independent and critical way.
1055920 \| INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS	2nd	2nd	6	SECS-P/01	ENG
Educational objectives Course Description The course aims to introduce students to the main international economic issues, providing the most important theoretical elements for understanding the determinants and evolution of the growing process of international integration. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamics of international trade and production and the macroeconomic principles that govern open economies, i.e., economies that have international relations with other countries. The course analyses how these elements interact and influence the global economic landscape. The course contributes to the development of the five Dublin Descriptors as follows: 1. Knowledge and Understanding At the end of the course, students will: Possess a solid understanding of key theories in international trade (e.g., comparative advantage, Heckscher-Ohlin, new trade theories) and international production. Understand the functioning of open economy macroeconomics, including exchange rate regimes, balance of payments, and international monetary policy. Be able to identify the main actors and institutions involved in global economic governance (e.g., WTO, IMF, World Bank, regional trade agreements). Be familiar with the causes and consequences of globalization and economic integration. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding Students will be able to: Apply theoretical tools to analyze and interpret international trade and FDI patterns. Evaluate the impact of international economic policies on national and global outcomes. Assess the implications of trade agreements, tariffs, and trade barriers for businesses and governments. Use international economic models to interpret real-world events and inform decision-making in corporate and policy contexts. 3. Making Judgements Students will: Develop critical thinking skills to assess the effectiveness of international economic policies and strategies. Be able to evaluate different perspectives on issues such as protectionism, globalization, and sustainable development. Formulate informed opinions based on data and theoretical analysis. 4. Communication Skills Students will: Be able to effectively communicate economic concepts and arguments in English, both orally and in writing. Learn to structure and present analysis on international economic topics to a variety of audiences, including academics, business stakeholders, and policy professionals. 5. Learning Skills Students will: Acquire the ability to autonomously expand their knowledge in international economics through further reading, data analysis, and policy evaluation. Develop the skills to undertake advanced studies or professional development in related areas such as international business, development economics, and global finance.
1052248 \| Comparative and European Labour Law	2nd	2nd	6	IUS/07	ITA