Technological and Digital Innovation Engineering applied to the Built Environment

ELECTROTECHNICS Introduction to electrical circuits Fundamental bipoles. Conventions on bipoles. Ideal voltage and current generators. Characteristics of the basic bipoles. Real generators. Static circuits Kirchhoff's laws. Equivalent resistance. Principle of superposition of effects. Theorems for circuit analysis (Thevenin, Maximum power transfer, etc.). Mesh methods. Knot method. Circuits in sinusoidal periodic regime Phasor method. Characteristics of bipoles in sinusoidal regime. Series and parallel resonance. Powers in sinusoidal regime. Theorems for the analysis of networks in sinusoidal regime. Method of nodal potentials. Power factor correction. Analysis of circuits with mutually coupled sides. Three-phase networks Symmetrical and balanced three-phase systems. Equivalent single-phase circuit. Symmetrical three-phase systems with unbalanced loads. Powers in three-phase systems. Power factor correction of three-phase loads. Transformers Ideal transformer and equivalent circuit. Equivalent circuit of the real transformer. Notes on the three-phase transformer. The asynchronous motor Electromechanical conversion of energy. The rotating magnetic field. The asynchronous motor. Principle of operation. Construction features. Equivalent single-phase circuit. Power and torque. Mechanical characteristic and torque. Starting problems. The synchronous generator Principle of operation. Construction features. Equivalent single-phase circuit. Induced reaction. Operation empty and under load. Power and torque. Employments. Elements of electrical systems General considerations on the production, transport and distribution of electricity. Voltage drops. Overvoltages and overcurrents. Switching and switching devices: relays, switches, contactors, disconnectors. Distribution networks. Ground connections. IT systems, TT, TN. Electrical safety elements Effect of electric current on the human body. Contact type and insulation. Protections against indirect contact. Ground plants. Protections against direct contact. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS Elements of measurement and uncertainty Fundamental concepts of metrology, physical quantities and their measurement Error theory and uncertainty, propagation of errors Units of measurement and standards, the International System and fundamental units of measurement Digital multimeter voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter General information on the main electrical measuring instruments (oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, etc.) General information on automatic measurement systems SENSORS Fundamental definitions and quantities (Sensitivity, resolution, selectivity ....) General terminology and definitions (sensors, signals and systems, classifications); features; physical principles (piezoresistivity, piezoelectricity…); active and passive sensors. Electrical components for sensors (voltage and current generators, conditioning circuits, resistance bridges) General information on Temperature, radiation and mechanical sensors Sensor calibration

Complex numbers: • Notation in rectangular or polar coordinates: real part, imaginary part, module and phase or argument of the complex number • the 4 operations: sum, difference, multiplication, division • the imaginary unit: property • Euler's formula • Vector representation of a complex number on the Cartesian plane Electrostatics • The electric field • The electric charge Electrical current Field • The current density • Local Ohm's law: relationship between current density and electric field in a conducting medium • The electrical resistance Magnetostatics: • The magnetic field and magnetic induction. • The magnetic field flux. • Inductance Linear algebra • Elements of matrix calculus • Inverse matrix • Matrix of algebraic complements • Determinant of a matrix • Fundamental operations

-Elettrotecnica, volume II, Marcello D'Amore, Ed. Siderea; -Elettrotecnica e applicazioni, Liguori Editore, Giulio Fabricatore, Liguori Editore; -Principi ed applicazioni di elettrotecnica, volume II, Guarnieri-Stella, Edizioni progetto Padova. - Elettrotecnica Vol I (Principi) e II (Applicazioni), G.Chitarin, F.Gnesotto, M.Guarnieri, A.Maschio, A.Stella. Società editrice Esculapio.

Non mandatory face to face lectures, though strongly encouraged

Evaluation consists of a written exam, divided into two parts: the first part, lasting 90 min, consists in the solution of a typical engineering problem, namely an electrical circuit in the periodic sinusoidal regime, aimed at verifying the students’ ability in combining theoretical concepts with a classical practical problem, concerning electrical networks in AC. The second part, lasting 60 min, consists of two open questions over the entire course programme. The final score is the average of the scores of both parts. Oral examination is on a voluntary basis.