AFFIDABILITA' E SICUREZZA DEGLI IMPIANTI DI PROCESSO

Course objectives

PART I – Chemical process industry. Hazardous scenarios for the main process equipment (45h) 1. Introduction to the process industry: production cycles and layout. (2h) 2. Generalities on hazard sources and inherent safety main concepts in the process industry: hazardous substances, operative conditions and plants. (4h) 3. Utilities. (2h) 4. Storage systems and piping: equipment and accessories for storage of liquids, gases and solids. Piping and ancillary equipment. Valves and fluids operating equipment. Hazardous scenarios. (14h) 5. Heat exchange: equipment, operating conditions and hazards sources. (8h) 6. Unit operations for fluid phases: equipment, operating conditions and hazard sources for absorption, stripping, distillation, humidification e de-humidification, liquid-liquid separation. (6h) 7. Operation with solids: mixing and separation for solid-solid, liquid-solid e gas-solid systems; solid-fluid unit operation (liquid-solid extraction, crystallization, drying). (5h) 8. Chemical reactors: fundamentals of kinetics and main types of chimica reactors. Typical hazard sources for reactors. (4h) PART II - Fundamentals of risk analysis. (40h) 1. Nomenclature and definitions. The concept of risk. Risk in the chemical process industry. Its measure and representation. (1h) 2. Hazard identification techniques: check-list, HazOp, FMECA, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event tree Analysis (ETA). Criteria for selection and areas of application. Examples of application. (8h) 3. Main safety systems. Emergency procedures, active and passive systems. (2h) 4. Consequence analysis and effects models. Release models. Generalities for two-phase flows. Dispersion models for toxic chemicals: Gaussian models and dense gas models. Fires models: pool-fire, jet-fire, flash fires and fireball. Explosion models: physical explosions, BLEVEs, Vapour Cloud Explosions, confined explosions. Threshold values and probit equations. (16h) 5. Frequency and probability estimation. Historical analisys. Alternative techniques: costruction, qualitative and quantitative analyses of FTA and ETA. Human reliability analysis. Examples of application. (8h) 5. Risk measures and their representation. Criteria for selection and presentation methods of the risk estimations. Tolerability criteria and risk assessment. (4h) 6. Generalities on domino effects. (1h) PART III – Analysis of historical cases (5h) Note: the indicated hours include practical exercises

Channel 1
ROBERTO BUBBICO Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
1 Nomenclature e definitions. The concept of risk. Sources of hazard. Hazardous substances: toxicity, flammability, reactivity. Handling and storage of hazardous substances. Hazardous operating conditions. Damages threshold values and probit equations. 2 Accident scenarios. Techniques for hazard identification: check-list, PHA, Safety review, etc. Selection criteria and range of application. Domino effect. Safety (active and passive) and emergency systems and procedures. Fundamentals of inherent safety. 3. Equipment for the process industry and plant layout. Typical accidental scenarios for the main process equipment and related safety systems 4. Concepts of reliability. Accidents frequency and probaility calculation: databases setup, analysis of hystorical statistical data, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event tree Analysis (ETA). Human reliability. 5. Fundamentals of consequences calculation and effect models. 6. Risk measures in the chemical industry. Selection criteria, methods of representation and tolerability criteria 7. Hystorical cases analysis and practical applications.
Prerequisites
Mandatory pre-requisites for a fruitful comprehension of the topics taught during the lectures are a good knowledge of the fundamentals of chemistry and thermodynamics (chemical, physical and thermodynamic properties of materials, thermodynamic processes, etc.) and basic knowledge of probability theory and statistical functions.
Books
1. Daniel A. Crowl ; Joseph F. Louvar, "Chemical process safety : Fundamentals with applications" /. ‐ 2. ed. ‐ Upper Saddle River : Prentice Hall 2. Center for Chemical Process Safety: "Guidelines for hazard evaluation procedures" /. ‐ 2. ed. ‐ New York. AIChE 3. Lecture notes
Frequency
Attending the course is not mandatory and students can get a basic knowledge of the topics covered by their own, by studying the suggested textbooks and similar reading. Nonetheless, also based on past experience, it is believed that attending the lectures, and expecially the practical classes, will allow students to get the required skill in selecting and applying the theoretical background to a practical case. This is also an important self-check of their ability and, under this respect, attending the course is highly suggested.
Exam mode
The oral exam will focus on specific aspects of the learnt methodologies and aims at assessing their comprehension level of the studied methodologies, also related with the specific study case proposed during the test, their applicability and reliability.
Lesson mode
Theory classes will provide students with the basic knowledge about the main techniques adopted for identifying the hazards in the process industry, associated with the handled materials, and with the type and operating conditions of the main equipment. The available techniques, will be illustrated along with the main selection criteria and their method of application. Different methods for estimating the frequency of occurrence of the accident scenarios will be presented and applied to study cases; qualitative methods for assessing the consequences of those accident scenarios will be discussed. The theory lessons will be followed by practical examples of application where both simple and more complex practical problems will be solved by the students, either individually and collectively, based on the knowledge gained during the theory classes. This will provide students with the necessary ability of properly analysing and solving a practical case study, as well as introducing, if required, the necessary modifications in the different methodologies presented, to adapt them to the specific case under examination. At the same time, the adopted teaching methodology is expected to allow students to get a better collaborative skill and the capability of presenting the obtained results.
  • Lesson code10611815
  • Academic year2024/2025
  • CourseSafety and Civil Protection Engineering
  • CurriculumIngegneria della Sicurezza e Protezione Civile - Industriale
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDING-IND/25
  • CFU9
  • Subject areaAttività formative affini o integrative