Archaeology

Rome in Etruria: from the capture of Veii to Augustus's tota Italia Through the integrated analysis of various documentary sources and the examination of several case studies, class aims to trace the evolution of relations between Rome and Etruria from the epochal conquest of Veii to the Augustan age. The path traced by this particular thread of Roman history will be incorporated into the more general educational process of Roman Italy. The course is divided into the following topics (Syllabus): The origins: the first contacts between Rome and the Etruscans (2 hours) The Etruscans in Rome: from the “Great Rome of the Tarquins” to the birth of the Republic (2 hours) Rome and Veii: from the bellum privatum of the Fabii to the conquest of the dux fatalis Furio Camillo (2 hours) The conquest of Veii: cultural repercussions and socio-economic consequences (2 hours) Rome and Caere: from hospitium publicum to civitas sine suffragio (2 hours) The conflict between Rome and Tarquinia in the 4th century BC (2 hours) The expansion of Rome in the 3rd century BC: Etruria as the ‘laboratory of Roman imperialism’ (6 hours) The political integration of Etruscan cities: from the Hannibalic War to Sulla (6 hours) Social, economic, and cultural changes (4 hours) The Etruria of cities: Cortona, Arezzo, and Perugia (6 hours) The Etruscan legacy (4 hours) Etruscan religion in Rome (4 hours)

Basic knowledge of the main events of the History of Rome from the foundation of the city to the end of the Western Empire. Command of classical languages: useful; Acquaintance with physical and historical geography of the Mediterranean world: reccomended; The course of Roman History I (or other similar basic course of the discipline) is a prerequisite for the class of Advanced Roman History I.

- Lectures’ notes and didactic materials distributed by the instructor and uploaded in his personal webpage; - Selected Bibliography *1- D. Briquel, La religion étrusque, in Y. Lehmann (ed.), Religions de l’Antiquité, Paris 1999, pp. 5-75 (in part. cap. III -La religion étrusque dans le monde romain, pp. 53-74) (*N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 5) 2- D. Briquel, I Romani di fronte ai testi etruschi, in Gli Etruschi maestri di scrittura. Società e cultura nell’Italia antica (catalogo mostra), Cinisello Balsamo 2015, pp. 145-153 **3- G. Colonna, Virgilio, Cortona e la leggenda etrusca di Dardano, Archeologia Classica 32, 1980 [1983], pp. 1-14 (= Idem. Italia ante romanum imperium. Scritti di antichità etrusche, italiche e romane (1958-1998), I.1, Pisa -Roma 2005, pp. 189-199) (**N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 9) ***4 – M. Cristofani – W.V. Harris, La storia degli Etruschi tra letteratura classica ed evidenza archeologica, in M. Cristofani (a cura di), Etruschi. Una nuova immagine, Giunti, Firenze 2000, pp. 39-71 (***N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 6) *5- D.F. Maras, Roma e la disciplina etrusca, in A. Giardina – F. Pesando (a cura di), Roma caput mundi, Milano 2012, pp. 229-235 (* N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 1) ***6- A. Marcone, Romanization, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 665-683 (*** N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 4) 7- A. Marcone, Society, 250-89 BCE, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 1191-1201 8- C. Riva, A short History of the Etruscans, London 2021, pp. 155-196 **9- M. Torelli, L’Etruria di Virgilio. Immaginario e realtà, in MEFRA 129/2, 2017, pp. 41-53 (*N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 3) 10 - M. Torelli, The Etruscan Legacy, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 685-720

Attendance of lectures and off campus activities in not mandatory, but recommended.

The students are required to pass a single oral exam (on syllabus topics, using also didatctic materials and suggested readings), during the regular exam sessions, at the end of the course. The oral exam, with open-ended questions, is aimed at verifying the knowledge of course topics and the students’ ability to read critically the documentary sources dealt with over the course. Students are expected to be articulate and to be able to communicate their thoughts and contents with an appropriate language and sufficient autonomy of judgment. To pass the exam the student must get a grade of not below than 18/30. Students must demonstrate to have acquired a sufficient command of course topics; they are also expected to know how to cope critically with the main documentary sources. In order to hit a score of 30/30 cum laude, students must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all course topics, and to be able to connect them in a logical and consistent way. Students who will not be able to attend the course will undergo the same exam (oral exam); supplementary / substitute readings will be provided (see Texts adopted and reference bibliography).

M. Torelli, The Roman Period, i n N. Thomson De Grummond- Lisa C. Pieraccini (eds.), Caere, Austin 2016, pp. 263-270 S. Bruni, Gli Etruschi delle Città. Fonti, ricerche e scavi, Cinisello Balsamo 2010, pp. 72-77 (S. Bruni: Arezzo) e 78-91 (M. Torelli: Cortona, Perugia) Further references will be reported during classes.

The main teaching method will be classroom-based instruction with the aid of materials distributed or uploaded to the teacher's website in digital format. As part of the course, students will also be actively involved in the analysis of documentary sources or individual case studies. Lessons may be supplemented by educational visits to museums and archaeological sites.

Rome in Etruria: from the capture of Veii to Augustus's tota Italia Through the integrated analysis of various documentary sources and the examination of several case studies, class aims to trace the evolution of relations between Rome and Etruria from the epochal conquest of Veii to the Augustan age. The path traced by this particular thread of Roman history will be incorporated into the more general educational process of Roman Italy. The course is divided into the following topics (Syllabus): The origins: the first contacts between Rome and the Etruscans (2 hours) The Etruscans in Rome: from the “Great Rome of the Tarquins” to the birth of the Republic (2 hours) Rome and Veii: from the bellum privatum of the Fabii to the conquest of the dux fatalis Furio Camillo (2 hours) The conquest of Veii: cultural repercussions and socio-economic consequences (2 hours) Rome and Caere: from hospitium publicum to civitas sine suffragio (2 hours) The conflict between Rome and Tarquinia in the 4th century BC (2 hours) The expansion of Rome in the 3rd century BC: Etruria as the ‘laboratory of Roman imperialism’ (6 hours) The political integration of Etruscan cities: from the Hannibalic War to Sulla (6 hours) Social, economic, and cultural changes (4 hours) The Etruria of cities: Cortona, Arezzo, and Perugia (6 hours) The Etruscan legacy (4 hours) Etruscan religion in Rome (4 hours)

Basic knowledge of the main events of the History of Rome from the foundation of the city to the end of the Western Empire. Command of classical languages: useful; Acquaintance with physical and historical geography of the Mediterranean world: reccomended; The course of Roman History I (or other similar basic course of the discipline) is a prerequisite for the class of Advanced Roman History I.

- Lectures’ notes and didactic materials distributed by the instructor and uploaded in his personal webpage; - Selected Bibliography *1- D. Briquel, La religion étrusque, in Y. Lehmann (ed.), Religions de l’Antiquité, Paris 1999, pp. 5-75 (in part. cap. III -La religion étrusque dans le monde romain, pp. 53-74) (*N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 5) 2- D. Briquel, I Romani di fronte ai testi etruschi, in Gli Etruschi maestri di scrittura. Società e cultura nell’Italia antica (catalogo mostra), Cinisello Balsamo 2015, pp. 145-153 **3- G. Colonna, Virgilio, Cortona e la leggenda etrusca di Dardano, Archeologia Classica 32, 1980 [1983], pp. 1-14 (= Idem. Italia ante romanum imperium. Scritti di antichità etrusche, italiche e romane (1958-1998), I.1, Pisa -Roma 2005, pp. 189-199) (**N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 9) ***4 – M. Cristofani – W.V. Harris, La storia degli Etruschi tra letteratura classica ed evidenza archeologica, in M. Cristofani (a cura di), Etruschi. Una nuova immagine, Giunti, Firenze 2000, pp. 39-71 (***N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 6) *5- D.F. Maras, Roma e la disciplina etrusca, in A. Giardina – F. Pesando (a cura di), Roma caput mundi, Milano 2012, pp. 229-235 (* N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 1) ***6- A. Marcone, Romanization, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 665-683 (*** N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 4) 7- A. Marcone, Society, 250-89 BCE, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 1191-1201 8- C. Riva, A short History of the Etruscans, London 2021, pp. 155-196 **9- M. Torelli, L’Etruria di Virgilio. Immaginario e realtà, in MEFRA 129/2, 2017, pp. 41-53 (*N.B.: a scelta, in alternativa a nr. 3) 10 - M. Torelli, The Etruscan Legacy, in A. Naso (ed.), Etruscology, Berlin – New York 2017, pp. 685-720

Attendance of lectures and off campus activities in not mandatory, but recommended.

The students are required to pass a single oral exam (on syllabus topics, using also didatctic materials and suggested readings), during the regular exam sessions, at the end of the course. The oral exam, with open-ended questions, is aimed at verifying the knowledge of course topics and the students’ ability to read critically the documentary sources dealt with over the course. Students are expected to be articulate and to be able to communicate their thoughts and contents with an appropriate language and sufficient autonomy of judgment. To pass the exam the student must get a grade of not below than 18/30. Students must demonstrate to have acquired a sufficient command of course topics; they are also expected to know how to cope critically with the main documentary sources. In order to hit a score of 30/30 cum laude, students must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all course topics, and to be able to connect them in a logical and consistent way. Students who will not be able to attend the course will undergo the same exam (oral exam); supplementary / substitute readings will be provided (see Texts adopted and reference bibliography).

M. Torelli, The Roman Period, i n N. Thomson De Grummond- Lisa C. Pieraccini (eds.), Caere, Austin 2016, pp. 263-270 S. Bruni, Gli Etruschi delle Città. Fonti, ricerche e scavi, Cinisello Balsamo 2010, pp. 72-77 (S. Bruni: Arezzo) e 78-91 (M. Torelli: Cortona, Perugia) Further references will be reported during classes.

The main teaching method will be classroom-based instruction with the aid of materials distributed or uploaded to the teacher's website in digital format. As part of the course, students will also be actively involved in the analysis of documentary sources or individual case studies. Lessons may be supplemented by educational visits to museums and archaeological sites.