Medicine and Surgery

Nursing science and profession: historical evolution and theoretical foundations of the discipline; conceptual models and major nursing theories. - Regulatory and ethical framework: Law 42/1999, Law 251/2000, Ministerial Decree 739/1994, Law 3/2018, and the Code of Ethics for Nurses; professional roles, competences, and responsibilities within the healthcare system. - From research to clinical practice: principles of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN), and Evidence-Based Practice (EBP); implementation science and outcome evaluation through validated tools, including Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMs). - Theories and organizational models of modern nursing: self-care and promotion of patient autonomy; family and community nursing models as tools for continuity and integration of care.