Medicine and Surgery

Etiology: General environmental pathology. Pathology by chemical agents. Damages by alcohol addiction. Molecular Pathology: Molecular pathology of proteins. Hemoglobinopathies. Pathology by enzyme deficiencies. Inflammation: etiopathogenesis of human chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Basic Knowledge of human pathophysiology

Pontieri-Russo-Frati, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Robbins and Cotran, Basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier Saunders Rubin and Strayer, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD

oral examination

The bibliography will be given directly during the lessons.

frontal lecture

Pathology of cell structures. Cell's response to injury: cellular stress, cellular adaptations (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia). Intracellular storage diseases . Steatosis. Lysosomal diseases. Molecular mechanisms of cellular damage. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Renewal, regeneration and tissue repair. Pathophysiology of aging. Abnormalities of the extracellular matrix: beta-fibrillosis, localized and systemic fibrosis. The diseases of collagen. Pathophysiology of the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and purines. Diabetes mellitus, gout.

The student needs the informations contained in the course of Biology, Physiology and possibly also of Immunology.

Pontieri-Russo-Frati, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Robbins and Cotran, Basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier Saunders Rubin and Strayer, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Thompson & Thompson Genetica in Medicina Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD

67% of the presence to lessons and APP for the final examination.

The exam is positive when obtained from 18/30. Two different combinations for oral exam with open answers are proposed in presence in the classroom: a) to take a first oral exam which exonerates from the program of the first semester, followed by a second oral exam on the program of the second semester b) to take a single oral exam on the entire program of the first and second semesters

Ex cathedra lessons. Power point lessons uploaded in Moodle. Ex cathedra lessons for small group students for professional activity. Laboratory internship for ADE.

Etiology: Main concepts of health, pathologic process and disease; etiology, pathogenesis, evolution, resolution (exitus). General environmental pathology. Pathology by physical and chemical agents. Biological agents of disease: bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins. Pathology of cell structures: the cell's response to injury: cellular stress, cellular adaptations (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia), intracellular storage diseases The basics of inflammation, acute and chronic inflammation. Innate immunity and inflammation. Inflammation as a transcriptional program. Inflammatory cells. Chemical mediators of inflammation of cellular and plasma origins. Acute inflammation: the vascular phenomena of inflammation, the mechanisms of formation of exudate, the various types of exudative inflammation. Chronic inflammation: mechanisms of granuloma formation. Oncology: Cell/Tissue phenotypic changes: metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia and precancerous lesions. Definition of cancer. Morphological and biochemical features of the neoplastic cell. Histogenetic classification of tumors. Clinical criteria for the classification of tumors: grading and staging. Stages of the neoplastic process: initiation, promotion and progression (invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis). Oncogenes and their activation mechanisms. Tumor suppressor genes. Genomic instability. Heredityary tumors.

The student must know structures and functions of the different cell types and kinds of tissues of the human body, and must know the biochemistry of the main biological macromolecules.

General Pathology - Cotran Kumar Collins

teaching activity will include lectures in classroom when this is possible, based on anti-covid 19 provisions. Alternatively, teaching activity will Frontal lessons with audio-visual and multimedia supports

Students must achieve the minimum number of hours provided

The student acquired knowledge will be evaluated through an ongoing exam in Google meet, zoom or in presence, depending on the Covid 19 status

teaching activity will include lectures in classroom when this is possible, based on anti-covid 19 provisions. Alternatively, teaching activity will Frontal lessons with audio-visual and multimedia supports

Targeted Therapies Objectives -Understand the biological mechanisms underlying targeted therapies. -Analyze some of the main therapies currently available and their mechanisms of action. -Explore the benefits and challenges of using these therapies in clinical practice. -Discuss future developments in targeted therapies and the prospects for personalized treatments. Gene Therapies Objectives -Define gene therapy and differentiate between somatic and germline gene therapy. -Recognize the historical evolution of gene therapy and its impact on medicine. -Describe the main viral and non-viral vectors used to deliver genetic material. -Explain how gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, work and their mechanisms of action. -Examine relevant clinical cases of monogenic diseases, cancers, and other conditions successfully treated with gene therapy. -Evaluate the outcomes of currently approved and experimental gene therapies. Diabetes Mellitus Objective -Provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. -Analyze the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions. -Discuss the main differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the role of metabolic syndrome as a risk factor.

A background knowledge of Biology and Genetics, Biochemistry, Histology and Embryology, Microbiology and Virology, Human Anatomy is required.

Pontieri-Russo-Frati, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Robbins and Cotran, Basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier Saunders Rubin and Strayer, Patologia Generale, Ed Piccin Thompson & Thompson Genetica in Medicina Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD

Two different combinations for oral exam are proposed: a) to take a first oral exam unofficialy registered which exonerates from the program of the first semester, followed by a second recorded oral exam on the program of the second semester b) to take a single registered oral exam on the entire program of the first and second semesters.

Frontal lessons, Monodisciplinar seminars, Laboratory stages for ADE