Medicine and Surgery

1. Introduction to General and Environmental Hygiene (4 hours) Determinants of health Gender medicine How and why the models of primary and secondary prevention of diseases must take gender into account Prevention methods and models Rational cycles for the prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases Health promotion, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention 2. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious - transmissible diseases (5 hours) General prevention of infectious diseases: general principles, cases and carriers, transmission mechanisms, notification, isolation; sanitary interventions: disinfectants, disinfection and sterilization, disinfestation; hospital hygiene and nosocomial infections Specific prophylaxis of the main infectious diseases: passive and active immunoprophylaxis General strategies for the prevention of airborne infections, infection with foecal transmission, by direct transmission, transmitted by vectors 3. Epidemiology and prevention of chronic-degenerative - non-communicable diseases (4 hours) Health promotion, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention Primary prevention of tumors: concepts of tolerability, threshold, acceptable and tolerable daily intake (ADI-TDI); health applications and intervention strategies 4. Water hygiene (4 hours) Water, its use and related health risks Water intended for human consumption Waste water Bathing water 5. Food hygiene (3 hours) Chemical and biological contamination of food: general concepts and prevention strategies 6. Occupational hygiene (4 hours) Chemical, physical, biological, organizational hazards Risk assessment Threshold values Microclimate

In order to attend the lessons, students must comply with the prerequisites for the year of the course Knowledge of microbiology, infectious diseases, basic epidemiology and medical pathology

S. Barbuti, G.M. Fara, G. Giammanco – Igiene. Medicina Preventiva. Sanità Pubblica C. Meloni, G. Pelissero – Igiene Specific issues: National Health Service: http://www.ministerosalute.it cliccare su Enti - finestra a sinistra Primary cancer prevention: concepts of tolerability, threshold, acceptable daily dose (ADI): C.L: Galli, E. Corsini, M. Marinovich - Tossicologia capitoli 1 e 2 The microclimate (in addition to the text, you can consult the ISPESL website): http://www.ispesl.it/Linee_guida/tecniche/LGMicroClima062006.pdf

compulsory attendance

The exam is held with the other teaching teachers, the final grade, expressed in thirtieths, results from the overall rating of the grades of the individual modules. To pass the exam it is necessary to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30. The student must demonstrate that they have acquired sufficient knowledge of the study program topics. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent way.

Teaching delivered in conventional mode, mainly face to face and in frontal teaching. It is possible that a limited didactic activity is provided electronically. The teaching program contains all the topics that will be covered in class, during which the participation of students will be stimulated through: open questions asked by the teacher, with guided discussion up to the solution openness to voluntary student interventions question time

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT AND ITALIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM (10 hours) Foundations of Public Health. The Healthcare management. The National Health Service (NHS): the NHS history: from 1978 to the present. The structure of the NHS: national, regional, local level. The NHS responsibilities. The Essential Assistance Levels (LEA). EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS (10 hours) Definition, objectives and tools of epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology: objectives of descriptive epidemiology. The determinants of health. Sources of data and frequency measures of the events (absolute frequency, ratios, proportions , rates). Incidence and prevalence. Main health indicators: direct, indirect, positive and negative indicators. Analytical epidemiology: objectives of analytical epidemiology. Concept of risk and causal relationship. Measures of risk: absolute, relative , attributable risks. Analytical studies: cross-sectional or prevalence studies, case-control and cohort studies. Critical reviews, systematic reviews and meta- analysis. Gender difference in the health field (5 hours)HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT AND ITALIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM (10 hours) Foundations of Public Health. The Healthcare management. The National Health Service (NHS): the NHS history: from 1978 to the present. The structure of the NHS: national, regional, local level. The NHS responsibilities. The Essential Assistance Levels (LEA). EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS (10 hours) Definition, objectives and tools of epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology: objectives of descriptive epidemiology. The determinants of health. Sources of data and frequency measures of the events (absolute frequency, ratios, proportions , rates). Incidence and prevalence. Main health indicators: direct, indirect, positive and negative indicators. Analytical epidemiology: objectives of analytical epidemiology. Concept of risk and causal relationship. Measures of risk: absolute, relative , attributable risks. Analytical studies: cross-sectional or prevalence studies, case-control and cohort studies. Critical reviews, systematic reviews and meta- analysis. Gender difference in the health field (5 hours)

To successfully follow the course it is useful for the student to have knowledge on basic concepts of statistics

S. BARBUTI, E. BELLELLI, G.M. FARA, G. GIAMMANCO: Igiene. Monduzzi Editore, Bologna. W. RICCIARDI: “Igiene, Medicina Preventiva, Sanità Pubblica”. Idelson Gnocchi srl, Napoli. C. MELONI, G. PELISSERO: “Igiene” ed. CEA Ambrosiana. During the course of the lessons, students are provided with educational material, constantly updated, both in paper and computer equipment.

Attendance to the lesson is recorded by signing on a specific form

La prova è scritta e consiste in una domanda a risposta aperta. Il voto finale risulta dalla media aritmetica dei voti dei singoli moduli

Lectures and classroom exercises during the course of the lessons.