Course program
The morphological
characteristics of tissues. The mechanisms which organize different tissues and
organs of the human body during embryogenesis.
At the end of the course the
student should posses basic knowledge of human histology and embryology, be
able to recognize an histological structure upon microscopic examination,
understand the role of tissue histology and generation in normal homeostasis
and in pathology. The student
must also describe the mechanisms of homeostasis, renovation and tissues
repair.
Core
Curriculum
Aims of the teaching activity
-structural organization of
tissues
-histogenesis and renewal of
tissues
-main methods, instruments and
strategies for the study of tissues and embryonic development
-fertilization and early
development
-determination of body plain
and initial phases of organogenesis
Aims of the interactive
teaching activity
-Observation and description of
the histological slides
HISTOLOGY
Methods
of study: concepts of fixation and staining. Concepts of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.
The various types of microscopes and their use. Main methods for the study of
cells and cellular components
Epithelial
tissues. Histogenesis, homeostasis and shelter. Surface epithelium: cell polarity, cytoskeleton,
membrane specializations; histogenesis, histological organization,
classification, and Reference examples of the relationship structure function
(skin, intestinal epithelium, ciliated epithelium, endothelium). Exocrine and
endocrine glands: the mechanisms of cellular secretion, histogenesis,
histological organization, classification, references to the main exocrine and
endocrine glands.
Connective
tissues. Histogenesis, mesenchyme. Histological organization: cells, matrix,
fibers. Value structure function. Special connectors: reticular tissue, adipose
tissue, elastic tissue, mucous tissue. The system of macrophages, the
endocytosis and the lysosomes.
Blood
and lymph. Work on the composition of blood plasma. Morphology and
morpho-functional relationships of the elements corpuscles. Determination of
the main blood values.Myeloid and lymphoid tissues. Haemopoiesis and
emocateresi.
Cartilage.
Histogenesis, histological organization and morpho-functional relationships. The
various types of cartilage. The perichondrium. Mechanisms
of nutrition and growth of cartilage.
Bone. Histological organization of compact and spongy bone
tissue. The periosteum. The various types of ossification. Mechanisms of growth
and remodeling of bone. Functions of bone tissue. Organization of teeth.
Muscle
tissue. Organization histological and morpho-functional relationships of the
striated skeletal muscle tissue, striated, cardiac and smooth. Histogenesis,
homeostasis and repair and hints on the mechanisms of regulation.
Nervous tissue. Histogenesis and organization of general
morpho-functional relationships. Types of neurons and their morphology. The
neuroglia. The synapses. The nerve fiber;
general structure of the nerves.
EMBRYOLOGY
Gametogenesis.
The structural organization of the gonads. The seminiferous
epithelium and spermatogenesis. Oogenesis and
folliculogenesis. Ovulation. Ovarian cycle and uterine cycle. Hormonal regulation of gametogenesis.
Fertilization: Structural aspects and morpho-functional correlations.
Initial development:
Segmentation, formation of the blastocyst,
embryonic stem cells and their differentiation potential, implantation,
formation of the embryo trilaminate, the subdivisions of the mesoderm.
Formation
of organs and apparatuses: The folding of the embryo. The outline of its formation and neural derivatives,
and other ectodermal derivatives. The
somites and their derivatives and their regulation mechanisms. Intestine
primitive. Development of the coelomic cavity
and mesentery. Formation of the primitive tubular heart and vessels. Embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis. Development
of the urinary tract. Development of the gonads
and genital tract. Development of the derivatives of the intestine
anterior, middle and rear. Development of respiratory system. Embryonic origin of the major
glands of internal secretion: the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal. Origin of major
malformations.
Optional
Activities
Seminaries
-in vitro fertilization and
cloning
-differentiative therapy of
leukemias
-stem cell and cell therapy
Books
S.Adamo, P.Comoglio,A Dolfi,M.Molinaro,G.Papaccio,G Siracusa, M.Stefanini,E Ziparo
Istologia di Monesi
V.Monesi
Piccin
M.De Felici,C.Boitani,M.Bouchè,R.Canipari,A Dolfi, A.Filippini,A.Musarò,G.Papaccio,A.Salustri
Embriologia Umana
Piccin
Teaching mode
Classroom lecture with slides
Exam mode
The exam will be in a written test and oral
Lesson mode
Classroom lecture with slides
