Psychopathology: Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Course objectives

Aims The aim of this course is to show how to run an assessment process which leads to psychological diag-nosis and case formulation, taking into account both the complexity of clinical observation and the use of valid and reliable assessment instruments, clinical needs and research evidence. The clinical-diagnostic assessment of mental disorders - with a particular attention to personality and its disorders – will be treated in the broader context of the psychodynamic psychopathology. The most relevant inter-national systems for the classification of mental disorders (DSM-5, ICD-11, PDM-2) and the most recent procedures for the personality assessment and psychological and relational functioning (SWAP-200, SWAP-II) will be described with particular attention to the treatment. Course aims. At the end of the course students will possess the basic and necessary knowledge for: a) orienting him/herself among the many assessment models of personality and psychopathology; b) choosing and selecting the assessment methods and nosographical systems which better satisfy the different needs of the different application contexts (clinical, research, epidemiological, etc.). Lab aims. During the lab the students will participate to clinical and case discussions and they will be supervised and tutored in the application of the diagnostic systems and assessment tools in order to acquire profes-sional skills in the field. General aims The course aim at providing the students with theoretical and practical knowledge that would help them to conduct an assessment process useful for diagnosing, developing case formulations, and plan-ning successful treatments; in other words, an assessment process that reflects the effort to promote a diagnostic approach bridging the gap between clinical complexity (idiographic) and nosographic sys-tems (nomothetic). The course aims at providing the students with necessary and most up-to-date knowledge: a) to find their way among the diagnostic systems (DSM-5, PDM-2, SWAP-200) and approaches to mental psychopathology; b) to conduct a psychodynamic personality (disorders) assessment; c) to de-velop an up-to-date reflection on issues related to the construction of sexual and gender identity; and d) to choose the most suitable evaluation methods and nosographic systems according to the different con-texts (clinical, research, etc.). The expected learning outcomes are: skills in clinical and diagnostic assessment of individual mental capacities, as well as in choosing patient-tailored treatments. Frontal lessons provide students with fundamental knowledge for the assessment of psychological func-tioning, including cognitive, affective and relational patterns. Lab activities promote the acquisition of professional skills aimed at using empirically validated tools, methods and procedures that are suitable for conducting an accurate assessment process. Specific aims Knowledge and understanding Passing the exam guarantees students the knowledge of main diagnostic systems, psychopathological syndromes, as well as of the most widely used assessment procedures of personality, mental function-ing, and symptom patterns. Applying knowledge and understanding Passing the exam would imply that students can apply methods and assessment procedures in various domains (clinical practice, empirical research, ecc.) tapped in the Course in Developmental Dynamic Psychopathology. Making judgements Passing the exam would imply that students are able to formulate informed judgments on the appro-priateness of assessment instruments and methods based on distinct methodologies and applied in dif-ferent context; such abilities would allow them to identify strengths and potential limitations of these measures. The student abilities would be acquired through case discussions, video of clinical interviews or movies, and practice exercise during the lab. Communication skills Passing the exam would ensure that students acquire the abilities needed for an efficacious scientific communication. These abilities would be attained during the frontal lessons and the lab sessions by learning both the “technical” diagnostic language and the non-jargon communication capacity with the patient. Learning skills Passing the exam would attest the acquisition of learning skills that will allow students to deepen, in the course of their academic and professional career, the knowledge of the most relevant diagnostic models, and to acquire skills on the most widespread procedures for personality and individual mental func-tioning assessment. These skills are acquired, in different ways, both during the frontal lessons and the lab, where particular attention is dedicated to clinical case discussions. Prerequisites To better understand and learn in a more effective manner all the contents of the course, students should consider that the following prerequisites are appropriate: a) basic knowledge in the field of psy-chopathology [important]; b) basic knowledge of the most widespread diagnostic systems used to assess mental disorders [useful]; c) basic knowledge of the main methods and procedures for individual men-tal functioning assessment typically employed in clinical and empirical contexts [important].

Channel 1
VITTORIO LINGIARDI Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
The main topics of the course are: 1) Clinical interview, psychological testing, and different types of diag-nosis (nomothetic, idiographic, descriptive, structural, etc.); 2) Diagnostic manuals (DSM-5-TR; PDM-2 and PDM-3; ICD-11); 3) Diagnostic assessment of personality, mental functioning, and symptom patterns of the adult individual; 4) Main personality assessment procedures (Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200, SWAP-200); 5) Personality disorders: psychodynamics and neuroscience; 6) Defense mechanisms: theoretical-clinical elements and tools for empirical research; 7) Personality and trauma; 8) Personality: attachment, mentalization, epistemic trust; 9) Sexual and gender identity; 10) Therapeutic relation-ship (therapist's emotional responses, patient's interpersonal patterns, therapeutic alliance) and its assessment tools; 11) Indications for psychotherapy and main treatment models; 12) Elements of clinical and dynamic psychopathology: schizophrenia and psychotic disorders; bipolar and depressive disorders; anxiety, phobias, obsessions; feeding and eating disorders; substance-related disorders and addiction disorders; personality factors and somatization mechanisms; paraphilic disorders and online sexuality; 13) Movies and psychopathology. The total 84 hours scheduled for teaching are divided as follows: 12 hours of traditional classes devoted to discussing the issue of diagnosis and describing the most widespread systems of nosographic classification of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR; PDM-2 and PDM-3; ICD-11); 12 hours devoted to the study of personality and its functioning (identity, defense mechanisms, sexualities, relational patterns, etc.); 12 hours devoted to the description of personality assessment methods and procedures, particularly the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200); 12 hours devoted to the illustration of clinical-psychiatric syndromes (including, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, bipolar and depressive disorders, feeding and eating disorders, etc.); 36 laboratory hours devoted to the use of tools and procedures for assessing the personality, mental functioning and symptom patterns of individuals, and the clinical interpretation/discussion of the results in light of intervention or treatment planning.
Prerequisites
Useful prerequisites for a better understanding of teaching content and more effective learning are: a) basic knowledge in the area of general psychopathology [important]; b) basic knowledge related to the most widely used nosographic systems for assessing mental disorders [useful]; basic knowledge of the main methods and procedures of diagnostic assessment of individual mental functioning most commonly used in clinical and research settings [important].
Books
Lingiardi, V. (2024). Personality and its disorders. Clinical assessment and diagnosis in the service of treatment. Raffaello Cortina, Milan.
Frequency
Class attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended.
Exam mode
Objective of the test The evaluation arrangement consists of a written text. The test comprises 21 multiple-choice questions and 3 open-ended questions. The first 21 questions aim to examine students’ theoretical knowledge of the most widespread diagnostic systems and approaches in the field of mental psychopathology. The 3 open-ended questions aim to evaluate students’ abilities to formulate and synthesize information and concepts; moreover, they verify the effective acquisition of professionalizing skills aimed at using empirically vali-dated tools, methods and procedures suitable for conducting an accurate assessment process. Number of tests and time placement The text is scheduled at the end of the course and thereafter in other 4 annual appeals. Type, duration and mode of administration The test consists of 21 multiple-choice questions and 3 open-ended questions. The total time of the exam is 60 minutes. If the written test is passed, there is an oral supplement at the student's request. Final Evaluation A score of at least 18 out of 30 needs to be achieved to pass the exam. This score of 18 reflects sufficient levels of knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in the course, and minimum skills in the clinical and diagnostic assessment of personality, mental functioning, and symptom patterns of individuals. The score of 30 (“cum laude”) reflects an excellent knowledge of course topics; optimal abilities to formulate informed judgments about the appropriateness of assessment tools and methods based on spe-cific methodologies and applied in different context, as well as to identify their strengths and potential limitations; and capacities to clarify and explain the choice of potential treatment indications.
Bibliography
One of the following texts: Lingiardi, V. (2023). The navel of the dream. An oneiric journey. Einaudi, Turin. Lingiardi, V. (2021). Archipelago N. Variations on narcissism. Einaudi, Turin. Lingiardi, V. (2018). Diagnosis and fate. Einaudi, Turin. Other materials will be provided during the course.
Lesson mode
The course combines: frontal classes, practical exercises, group collaborative work, use of audio and video material (such as clinical-diagnostic interviews or movies) and clinical case discussions. The frontal classes aim to provide students with theoretical and clinical knowledge useful for conducting an accurate assessment of individual psychological functioning, which is useful for planning patient-tailored treatments. Laboratory activities, especially practical exercises and group collaborative work, aim to promote the acquisition of specific skills in the use of assessment methods and procedures typically employed in different contexts (clinical, research, etc.). Discussion of clinical materials and viewing of videos and movies promote and foster students' awareness of their own emotional responses in psychopathological and clinical settings. The interplay of frontal classes and laboratory activities promotes more effective learning and stimulates the development of cognitive skills and personal resources that students will be able to invest in different areas of application.
  • Lesson code1044936
  • Academic year2024/2025
  • CoursePsychodynamic Psychopathology and Clinical Relationship in Developmental age and Adulthood
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDM-PSI/07
  • CFU9
  • Subject areaPsicologia dinamica e clinica