NEUROSCIENCE OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

Course objectives

Specific skills The course aims to make students able to describe the brain functions using group of single cells and neural circuits organized in systems as a reference scale. After a first part dedicated to the analysis of the tools and methods available, the course deals from the Neurophysiologist's point of view the relationships between behavior and the main controlled functions, such as Vision, Representation of space and objects, Decision, Attention, Movement, Learning, Memory, Sleep. A) Knowledge and understanding this course allows the student to acquire a specific knowledge of the relationships between behavior and functions of neuronal populations and neuronal circuits in the brain. Taking the course and passing the exam the student will become familiar with the normal functioning of the neural circuits and with the methods available, reaching the critical capacity sufficient to understand the limits and advantages of the methods commonly used both in the human subjects and in the animal models. B) Applying knowledge and understanding the knowledge on the functioning of the neural circuits in this course integrates the training that the student receives in the master's degree course in Neurobiology. Taking the course and passing the exam, the student will have acquired a series of fundamental knowledge for subsequent professional experience and a solid basis for post-graduate training, in particular in the field of research, whenever it is necessary to approach the relationship between neural activity and behavior and / or the analysis of complex data. C) Making judgments the course topics are discussed with reference to the most recent acquisitions of scientific literature, which uses various experimental models and strategies. Upon completion of the course the student will be able to critically analyze the validity and the limits of the studies that describe the relationships between behavior and neuronal circuits by putting new evidence in an integrative frame supported by multidisciplinary experimental evidence. D) Communication skills the continuous association to the progresses in scientific literature makes the student familiar with the communication style of the Systems Neuroscience. By the end of the course, the students will have thus enriched their presentation skills with the terminology and style typical of scientific communication. E) Learning skills Taking the course and passing the exam would imply that the student has learnt a number of approaches and methodologies to study in the field of Systems Neuroscience. These abilities are attained during traditional lessons that address and critically discuss each specific topic, in light of the most updated findings of studies reported by the scientific literature with an interdisciplinary approach.

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STEFANO FERRAINA Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
The somatosensory system. Somatic sensitivity. Peripheral receptors. Afferent somatic systems. Cortical areas involved in somatic sensitivity. Psychophysics of pain. Peripheral and central nervous mechanisms of pain. Analgesia. The Retina visual system. The visual field. Visual pathways. Parvo and magno cells. Primary visual cortex and the extrastriate areas. The stereopsis. The perception of colors. The "where" and "what" pathways in vision. Visual psychophysics. The Cochlea hearing system. Central acoustic pathways. Auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. Perception and localization of sounds. Taste receptors, central structures. Olfactory receptors, central structures. General organization of motor systems. Muscles and motor units. Voluntary movements and reflexes. Motor control and internal models. Spinal reflexes. Muscle tone. The vestibular system and vestibular reflexes. Otolith organs. Vestibular-ocular reflex. Vestibulospinal reflexes. Posture control. Postural tone. Control of the orientation of the head, of the body and maintenance of balance. The cortical control of voluntary movement. Premotor and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Motor descending pathways. The posterior parietal cortex. Basal ganglia. The cerebellum. The cerebellar cortex. The spino-cerebellar and olive-cerebellar systems. The cerebellar nuclei. Cortico-ponto-cerebellar systems. The cerebello-talamo-cortico systems. The cerebellum and motor learning. Locomotion. Biomechanics of locomotion. Neural control of locomotion. Eye movements. Saccadic eye movements, vergence movements, slow pursuit movements. Vestibulo-ocular reflex, opto-kinetic reflex, nystagmus. The associative areas of the cerebral cortex. Prefrontal, temporal and parietal areas. Cingulate areas of the cortex. Sleep-wake cycle. The neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the sleep-wake cycle. The electroencephalogram. Consciousness and its states. Hemispheric dominance. Language and other higher functions. Memory and learning. Elements of the history of neurophysiology.
Prerequisites
The knowledge related to the teaching of Histology and Embryology, Biochemistry and Anatomy is requested in relation to the topics in the current program.
Books
There isn’t one prescribed textbook for this course as the lecture content will not follow or match any particular textbook. As a reference: Kandel et al: Principles of Neural Science. McGraw Hill Education. ISBN-13: 978-0071390118. Bear et al.: Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN-13: 978-0781778176 Selected published papers could be suggested in class.
Frequency
Attendance is not mandatory. Two two-hour meetings per week for the entire semester.
Exam mode
Oral exam
Lesson mode
classroom in presence
STEFANO FERRAINA Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
The somatosensory system. Somatic sensitivity. Peripheral receptors. Afferent somatic systems. Cortical areas involved in somatic sensitivity. Psychophysics of pain. Peripheral and central nervous mechanisms of pain. Analgesia. The Retina visual system. The visual field. Visual pathways. Parvo and magno cells. Primary visual cortex and the extrastriate areas. The stereopsis. The perception of colors. The "where" and "what" pathways in vision. Visual psychophysics. The Cochlea hearing system. Central acoustic pathways. Auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. Perception and localization of sounds. Taste receptors, central structures. Olfactory receptors, central structures. General organization of motor systems. Muscles and motor units. Voluntary movements and reflexes. Motor control and internal models. Spinal reflexes. Muscle tone. The vestibular system and vestibular reflexes. Otolith organs. Vestibular-ocular reflex. Vestibulospinal reflexes. Posture control. Postural tone. Control of the orientation of the head, of the body and maintenance of balance. The cortical control of voluntary movement. Premotor and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Motor descending pathways. The posterior parietal cortex. Basal ganglia. The cerebellum. The cerebellar cortex. The spino-cerebellar and olive-cerebellar systems. The cerebellar nuclei. Cortico-ponto-cerebellar systems. The cerebello-talamo-cortico systems. The cerebellum and motor learning. Locomotion. Biomechanics of locomotion. Neural control of locomotion. Eye movements. Saccadic eye movements, vergence movements, slow pursuit movements. Vestibulo-ocular reflex, opto-kinetic reflex, nystagmus. The associative areas of the cerebral cortex. Prefrontal, temporal and parietal areas. Cingulate areas of the cortex. Sleep-wake cycle. The neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the sleep-wake cycle. The electroencephalogram. Consciousness and its states. Hemispheric dominance. Language and other higher functions. Memory and learning. Elements of the history of neurophysiology.
Prerequisites
The knowledge related to the teaching of Histology and Embryology, Biochemistry and Anatomy is requested in relation to the topics in the current program.
Books
There isn’t one prescribed textbook for this course as the lecture content will not follow or match any particular textbook. As a reference: Kandel et al: Principles of Neural Science. McGraw Hill Education. ISBN-13: 978-0071390118. Bear et al.: Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN-13: 978-0781778176 Selected published papers could be suggested in class.
Frequency
Attendance is not mandatory. Two two-hour meetings per week for the entire semester.
Exam mode
Oral exam
Lesson mode
classroom in presence
  • Lesson code1021489
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • CourseNeurobiology
  • CurriculumSingle curriculum
  • Year2nd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDBIO/09
  • CFU6