Neurophysiopathology techniques

This course provides an overview of key principles in the care of critically ill patients, with a focus on neurological conditions. Lessons offer theoretical content aligned with the clinical and instrumental experience typical of neurophysiology technologists. The program is structured into four main lessons: Lesson 1 – Intensive Care and the Critical Patient • Definition of the concept of “critical care area” • Characteristics and management of the intensive care patient • Monitoring of vital signs: temperature, ECG, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, ETCO₂, GCS, CVP, fluid-electrolyte balance • Basic concepts of complication prevention Lesson 2 – Airway Management • Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways • Endotracheal intubation: orotracheal and nasotracheal, procedure overview and rationale • Percutaneous tracheostomy: rationale, procedure, types of tracheostomy cannulas, management • Tracheobronchial suctioning and fiberoptic bronchoscopy: rationale and procedural basics Lesson 3 – Vascular Access in Emergencies and ICU • Central venous catheters (CVCs, PICCs): indications, management, types of dressings • Arterial lines: rationale, insertion, monitoring, invasive blood pressure measurement • Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG): basic interpretation Lesson 4 – Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury in ICU • Overview of neurological pathologies: stroke, TBI, cerebral hemorrhages, status epilepticus, coma • Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP): types of monitors, normal and pathological values, rationale • Ventricular drains and shunts • Pupil monitoring and assessment

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