Nursing REPLICA CENTRO STUDI S.G. DI DIO OSP.S.PIETRO

Module: Clinical Biochemistry - Giuseppe Zardo Pathophysiological and Practical-Applicative Objectives The student must be able to identify the most appropriate laboratory tests to evaluate the functional and structural integrity of organs and tissues, demonstrating knowledge of the biological, molecular, and pathophysiological foundations of the disease under investigation. Course Content Laboratory Tests: Definition and Biological Samples Purpose of laboratory tests and units of measurement. Pre-analytical phase: patient identification, collection of biological materials, types of collection tubes, types of blood samples; transport, processing, and storage of biological samples. Sources of pre-analytical variability. Analytical phase: evaluation of methods and results. Analytical variability: precision and accuracy measurements, random and systematic error. Post-analytical phase: data validation and result reporting. Data archiving. Quality control: internal and external quality control. Biological variability and reference intervals: definition and analysis. Acid-Base Balance Laboratory Physiological buffer systems: bicarbonate and hemoglobin buffer systems. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Acid-base balance regulation: role of respiratory and renal systems. Acid-base disorders. Instruments: blood gas analyzer (pH, pO₂, pCO₂ electrodes). Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Laboratory Water distribution across body compartments. Regulation of fluid osmolarity and volume: roles of ADH and aldosterone. Water balance and related disorders. Sodium metabolism and sodium balance disorders.Potassium metabolism and potassium balance disorders. Analytical methods: anion gap and osmolarity. Diabetes Mellitus Laboratory Hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism. Classification of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes. Functional assessments: fasting plasma glucose, urinary glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin levels, C-peptide levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Dyslipidemia Laboratory. Lipid absorption, transport, storage, and metabolism; normal values and analytical methods. Apolipoproteins: ApoA, ApoB, ApoC, ApoE and their receptors. Evaluation of triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol levels. Classification of dyslipidemias. Protein Metabolism Laboratory. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance. Laboratory Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction. Enzymes and isoenzymes.Cardiac biomarkers: troponin I and T, myoglobin.

In order to understand properly the teaching content and to achieve the expected learning objectives, student must possess the basic knowledge acquired during the frequency of previous courses in the field of cellular and molecular biology and biochemistry.

 M.Ciaccio, G. Lippi, Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, ed. EdiSES

The teaching is based essentially on frontal lessons characterized by a strong interactive component between the teacher and the students. Lessons will be aimed at deepening the topics of the course, favoring the clinical-diagnostic aspect. The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aule/Orari system, published on the website of the CdS

In accordance with the Degree Course Regulations, the frequency is verified by the teachers through signature / appeal sheets. Attendance to the compulsory teaching activities of a course is mandatory for the student to take the exam.

The final text consists in an oral text, regarding the total program of the Course "Meccanismi fisiopatologici di base dei principali organi ed apparati". The assessment consists of an oral exam with questions related to the course program and takes into account: • knowledge of the topics related to the questions; • adequacy of the answer to each question based on the expected skills at the end of the course; • the logic of the answers; • use of an appropriate language. In order to pass the exam, the student needs to get a score not under 18/30.In order to get the maximum score (30/30 e lode), students should demonstrate to get an excellent knowledge of all the topics of the complete Course "Metodologie diagnostiche di Patologia Clinica".

BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO M. Ciaccio & G. Lippi EdiSES

The teaching is based essentially on frontal lessons characterized by a strong interactive component between the teacher and the students. Lessons will be aimed at deepening the topics of the course, favoring the clinical-diagnostic aspect. The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aule/Orari system, published on the website of the CdS