Architecture

PROGRAM The course is structured in three thematic areas: 1. Elements of Economics and Economic Theories of Value • Economics as a key moment in the architect's education. Economic theories. Needs, usefulness and economic assets. The project as a response to the individual and collective society needs. Production and production process factors; productivity. The factors price and the production cost. The theory of rent and urban rent. • The market. Market forms; the housing market. The centrality of the intervention plan and the economic choices to be taken to meet the needs expressed by the client, and implement the production process to realize the asset: investment (individual, business, public) and the choice between alternative investments. The economic system and national income. Function of the settlement transformation interventions in the economic system, and its correlations with the national income. Work, credit and technical progress in production processes. Private and public investments, social investment. State interventions, economic planning, urban and territorial development processes. 2. Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Appraisal and Operational Approaches for Real Estate Valuation • The postulates of Appraisal. The principle of value dependence on the appraisal purpose. The forecast in the appraisal judgment. The price as the basis of the appraisal judgment. Uniqueness of the appraisal method based on comparison. Objectivity (theory of ordinariness). • Real estate market, construction market and related information sources. • Statistical-mathematical-financial instruments used by the discipline of appraisal and valuation (conditions of use and limits of applicability). • Estimation criteria. Market value; Value of cost; Derived values (transformation value, complementary value, surrogate value). • The appraisal procedures direct (sintetic), indirect (analitic) and intermediate; • Real estate valuation techniques in international practice (International evaluation standards): Sales Comparison Approach, Income Capitalization Approach, Cost Approach, Profits Approach, Residual Approach. 3. The activity of programming, planning, designing, and management during the interventions phase (Evaluation Methods and Techniques). • Rationalization of project choices in the construction process management activity. Three-year and annual programming. Design as a synthesis moment of the project / intervention cycle and evaluation of its economic life cycle. The different levels of design (technical and economic feasibility project, executive project). Decision-making processes and project complexity. Public initiative interventions, private or in PPP. • Realization of the public / private works. Implementation of building interventions and their management : determination of the real estate value in the expropriation procedure; financial and economic aspects in the fundamental and general principles and in the provisions governing construction activity; assignment of work, site construction, site management and testing of works (D. Lgs. 36/2023 s.m.i.). • Methods for evaluating project convenience. Monocriteria Evaluation Tools: Revenue Costs Analysis (RCA), Cost volume profit analysis (CVPA) , Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), and multi-criterial: Feasibility Studies (FS); Multidimensional analysis (MA).

The student will have to possess the basic fundamentals inherent to the resolution of mathematical problems and the structuring of the main aspects that contribute to the development of the processes of settlement transformation (acquired during the years of university training). Furthermore, the student will have the propensity to integrate this knowledge with the knowledge acquired in the course in order to formulate answers as possible coherent and adequate to the questions related to the expression of value judgments and convenience in the various phases of terrritorial, urban, landscape and environmental transformation and management of the project process.

TEXTS ADOPTED AND REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Texts for the modules related to Elements of Economics and Economic Theories of Value and Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Appraisal and Operational Approaches for Real Estate Valuation: - Galbraith J. K. (2006), Storia dell’economia. Bur saggi, Milano - Forte F., De Rossi B. (1979), Principi di economia ed estimo, Etas, Milano - Roscelli R. (a cura di) (2014), Manuale di Estimo, Utet Università, De Agostini Scuola, Novara - IVSC (2017), International Evaluation Standard, IVSC London, 2017 For the module related to The activity of programming, planning, designing, and management during the interventions phase (Evaluation Methods and Techniques): - Roscelli R. (a cura di) (2014), Manuale di Estimo, Utet Università, De Agostini Scuola, Novara; - Forte F., De Rossi B. (1979), Principi di economia ed estimo, Etas, Milano.

The teaching activities will be organized with frontal lessons (in the classroom and streaming), tutorials, seminars, in which the theoretical parts will be accompanied by analysis of case studies and / or applications, and preparation by students of papers and / or research, through group work and / or individual.

The frequency of the teaching even if not obligatory it is advised keenly by the complex, moved and supplemented nature of the dealt arguments.

The student is called to take the profit exam individually, proving the skills acquired through theoretical-applicative tests. The exam takes place in a session at the end of the course; it starts with a theme of the student's choice, selected from those illustrated in the course and/or indicated in the program; thereafter, the questions asked by the professor will be aimed at ascertaining the student's actual achievement of the training objectives, in particular the ability to apply knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in the course. The duration of the exam, being essentially oral, is difficult to quantify, but does not generally reach an hour overall. Among the elements considered for evaluation are: the use of appropriate vocabulary and technical terminology; the correct use of symbols and units of measurement in mathematical formulations; the illustration of the process that led to the resolution of the question(s) posed; and the degree of awareness of the ways in which theoretical concepts are applied operationally and the methodologies employed to make value and convenience judgments in the various phases of settlement transformation processes. To pass the exam the student must obtain a grade of not less than 18/30. To obtain this grade, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics illustrated during the course and program contents. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and coherent way.

For specific topics related to all modules are made available to students: Documents and Handouts on the website of the Course (on elearning) to which students will be registered after inscription (required) to the course carried out in the classroom (or by web). Information on the merits of the chapters to be studied in the books illustrated above will be provided during the lessons and/or on the website of the Course

In the lessons contextually to the illustration of the theoretical and methodological aspects, reference will be made to practical and concrete examples of application of theories and methods of evaluation. Particular relief will be given to construct the picture of the logical and operational connections between the different arguments treated. During the course, students will be given multiple-choice tests aimed at: i) (self-)evaluation to verify the progress of the acquisition of skills, ii) knowledge of how to propose the questions in the exam, iii) support to the study.