Architecture

The main teaching objective is to explain the reasons (“why”) and the approaches / tools (“how”) of urban planning. Among its various definitions, urban planning can be described as a craft with a high political content. Throughout time, it interpreted and acted in different ways in the different socio-spatial configurations and contexts (geographical, socio-economic, political and cultural), at the same time contributing (directly or indirectly) to their realization. Although its main instrument is spatial regulation, it makes use of different approaches, models, methods and tools, which the course aims at critically analyzing. The course introduces the different main component of urban planning, which will be tackled in different modules (see also the window dedicated to “svolgimento”). Beyond a general introduction and the exercise, the course is articulated in 4 modules that are: a) Planning Theory; b) Planning History; c) Urban History and Urban Theories; d) Planning Techniques. Modul a) Planning Theory, will tackle the nature of Urban Planning (what it is), its meaning and role (what it is for), and how it works. Modul b) Planning History, will introduce the origins of Spatial Planning (primeval and fundamental acts of spatial control), and those of Modern Urban Planning (response to urbanisation problems, relation between spatial control and social control, between spatial plans and the political). Modul c) Urban History and Urban Theories will sketch the essential features of Urban History (mainly modern and contemporary) and the main Urban Theories (what is a City, what do we mean by ‘urban’), elaborated looking at urban transformations between XIX and XXI centuries. Modul d) Planning Techniques, deals with the practice of Urban Planning exploring how it works to exercise its own essential functions, starting with spatial regulation and land uses, with a focus is on its tools and the capacities that it requires.

No prior specific knowledge is required.

There is not one specific compulsory reading, but students can choose a book from the bibliography according to their own interests (see below).

Attending the lectures is suggested, but it is not compulsory.

The final exam consists in the discussion of the subject matter, exercise included. For the workshop, students are expected to work in group (usually 3-4 people), while they will be examined individually for the evaluation of acquired knowledge, on the content of the lectures and of readings. During the semester, students attending the course can do a mid-term written proof on the main theoretical part of the programme (moduls a, b, c), which – if positively passed - will allow reducing the subjects of oral examination. For the final evaluation, the whole activity is taken into consideration. Students not attending the course are required to prepare themselves autonomously, elaborating the exercise, and by choosing at least one book from those indicated in the bibliography (to be agreed on in advance), studying the teaching materials (available online at: Sapienza e-learning platform: Urbanistica_Barbara Pizzo), and deepening the topics included in the presentations through following the bibliographic references they contain.

Bibliographical references are intended to testify the richness and plurality of Planning approaches. Books are subdivided into 3 main groups. Each student is expected to choose a book (to be agreed on in advance) for the final evaluation. A specific lecture is dedicated at introducing each book in terms of approach, structure and content. During some lectures or seminars, further bibliographical references may be suggested as an in-depth study (and they will be reported in the slides or hand-outs of the lecture). (For the list of books, see the Italian version, above) English books and essays are available on request and can be used both by Italian and by foreign students - The final proof in Italian is compulsory. English books on Rome: Fried R. C. (1973). Planning the eternal city. Roman politics and planning since world war II. New Haven – London: Yale University Press Thomassen, B., & Marinaro, I. C. (Eds.). (2014). Global Rome: Changing Faces of the Eternal City. Indiana University Press Insolera I. (2018). Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century. Newcastle, Cambridge Cambridge Scholars Publishing

The course provides lectures, seminars and an exercise. The workshop (exercise) aims at experimenting the 'translation' of theories into practices (and viceversa), and/or as the implementation of a chosen methodology among the presented ones. It foresees the following steps: 1. Reading and interpreting a spatial context through its current socio-spatial phenomena, interpreted diachronically and at different scales. 2a. Critical interpretation of historical transformations (distinguishing among causes and their effects). 2b. Critical interpretation of the planning history (visions, approaches, methods, tools introduced by Planning through time). 3a. Definition of possible scenarios and the related planning tool / or tools useful to drive the change in the chosen direction - and / or to solve a problem (also in ‘strategic’ perspective). 3b. Definition of the ‘knowledge’ to be used to deepen and to solve the questions (sectoral analyses as a result of a particular interpretation of the context and its problems).

The course proposes an approach that starts from an understanding of historical roots and current social, political, economic and administrative processes, leading to the construction of urban planning projects, understood as tools for the implementation and realisation of complex and integrated transformation actions (initiatives, plans, programmes, projects). This allows for the analysis and critical understanding of the physical, environmental and social context in which these transformations take place, as well as the design and evaluation of new structures with regard to the physical forms of organisation and modes of use of urban space, particularly public and collective spaces. The aim is to provide the fundamental technical and theoretical tools of urban planning, in order to recognise and represent the structure and changes of the city and the territory in relation to the complex dynamics at work. The central theme of the course will be the project, understood as a procedure aimed at defining and harmonising complex transformation actions that take into account the interpretation of demand, the setting of the cognitive strategy, the prefiguration of a project response and the necessary comparison with the national and regional regulatory and instrumental framework. A central role in the course will be played by the design of public space, understood as a space for connection, use, inclusion and socialisation.

The cultural and curricular prerequisites necessary for the course can be summarised as follows: - Critical ability to read and study the materials provided by the teaching staff: lectures and textbooks. - Ability to study and gather information independently, as well as the ability to organise and interpret the information necessary for the preparation of the final products required for the exam (dissertation and analysis and project tables). - Oral and written expression skills for the technical content presented during the course. - Basic graphic expression skills for the development of the main contents of the territorial survey and project proposal for the reference area.

Bibliografia generale 1. Patrizia Gabellini, 2012, Tecniche urbanistiche, Carocci Editore. 2. Paola Di Biagi, Patrizia Gabellini, 1993, Urbanisti italiani, Laterza. 3. Giuseppe Campos Venuti, Federico Oliva, a cura di, 1993, Cinquant’anni di urbanistica in Italia, Laterza. 4. Federico Oliva, a cura di, 2012, Città senza cultura. Intervista sull’urbanistica a Giuseppe Campos Venuti, Laterza. 5. Servizio su Urbanistica 116/2001 “Il nuovo piano regolatore di Roma”, Inu Edizioni. Per le tesine di approfondimento si suggeriscono i seguenti autori e relativi libri: 1. GIOVANNI ASTENGO > Urbanistica, la scienza del futuro, a cura di A. Franceschini, La Finestra editrice, 2011 (voce “Urbanistica” per l’Enciclopedia universale dell’arte, 1966). 2. LEONARDO BENEVOLO > Le origini dell'urbanistica moderna, Laterza, 1991. 3. VITTORIA CALZOLARI > Verde per la città, con M. Ghio, De Luca Editore, 1961 4. GIUSEPPE CAMPOS VENUTI > Amministrare l’urbanistica, Einaudi, orig. 1967. 5. FRANÇOISE CHOAY > La città. Utopie e realtà, Einaudi, orig. 1973 6. GIANCARLO DE CARLO > L’architettura della partecipazione, Quodlibet (a cura di S. Marin, 2011), orig. 1972. 7. BRUNO GABRIELLI > Il recupero della città esistente: saggi 1968-1992, Etaslibri, 1993. 8. JANE JACOBS > Vita e morte delle grandi città. Saggio sulle metropoli americane, Einaudi, orig. 1961 9. LE CORBUSIER > Maniera di pensare l’urbanistica, Laterza, orig. 1963 10. LUIGI PICCINATO > La progettazione urbanistica. La città come organismo, Marsilio, orig. 1988. 11. LUDOVICO QUARONI > La torre di Babele, Marsilio, orig. 1967 12. EDOARDO SALZANO > Fondamenti di urbanistica, Laterza, 1998 13. BERNARDO SECCHI > La città del ventesimo secolo, Laterza, 1995

Attendance is not compulsory but strongly recommended, as the course culminates in the preparation of analytical and design tables. Students who do not wish to attend the course will be provided with a specific reference bibliography. They must choose at least four texts from the following: 1. Giuseppe Campos Venuti, Federico Oliva, a cura di, 1993, Cinquant’anni di urbanistica in Italia, Laterza. 2. Maria A. Cabiddu, 2014, Il governo del territorio, Laterza 3. Paolo Galuzzi, Piergiorgio Vitillo, 2011, Praticare il piano?, INU Edizioni 4. Jan Gehl, 2010, Città per le persone, Island Press 5. Patrizia Gabellini, 2012, Tecniche urbanistiche, Carocci Editore. 6. Paola Di Biagi, Patrizia Gabellini, 1993, Urbanisti italiani, Laterza 7. Federico Oliva, a cura di, 2012, Città senza cultura. Intervista sull’urbanistica a Giuseppe Campos Venuti, Laterza 8. Bruno Dolcetta, Michela Maguolo, Alessandra Marin, 2015, Giovanni Astengo urbanista. Piani progetti e opere, Il Poligrafo. 9. Servizio su Urbanistica 116/2001 “Il nuovo piano regolatore di Roma”, Inu Edizioni.

The final examination (for each student) consists of: an overall assessment: an individual assessment of the learning of the contents of the lectures given during the semester, which will take the form of a written test in December; the work carried out by the group (phases 1 and 2) and the individual assessment of the content of the assigned bibliographic texts and/or thematic insights that each student can individually develop, which will take place during the examination. The assessment of the examination will normally be uniform for the working group, with differences between members based on: attendance, participation, progress in the required activities, and knowledge acquired in terms of critical-interpretative and planning skills in the context.

The course will mainly consist of three types of activities: lectures, group work, and seminar reviews/assignments. The lectures, offered throughout the semester, will last approximately 90 minutes each, leaving time each week for reviews of students' progress. Students will be organised into small groups (maximum 3 people each) to combine their different skills and backgrounds. The groups will complete the entire analytical-design process of the course (phases 1 and 2) through site visits, drawing/mapping of the territorial phenomena covered by the course, and discussions with the teaching staff. Interaction and teamwork, proposing reasoned and shared solutions, are among the skills to be developed and acquired during the course. In carrying out the design exercise (as a concrete application of the approach and techniques presented during the lessons), the course proposes the application of the urban analysis process and the topics/principles of urban and local design to a real case study. The design exercise will focus on the development of an urban master plan for an area of choice in the eastern part of Rome. This project will be intended as an innovative and flexible tool for developing urban and environmental regeneration strategies. The design exercise will consist of three phases. - The first will consist of a subjective approach to the theme of the city through the free interpretation of the site visit to the study area. - The second will be linked to the construction of a system of synthetic knowledge (the stages of the cognitive process as objective and evaluative mappings of selected phenomena relating to the structural and formal state of the places, the organisation of activities: the risks and opportunities of the processes underway). - The third phase is linked to the system of strategies and spatial choices of the project (the stages of the design process as successive steps from general strategies to specific location choices and formal assumptions).

Course Program for Urban Planning I, Professor Marsia Marino Channel 3 (Lar-Pinn) Academic Year 2023/24 LECTURE SCHEDULE LOCATION AND CLASSROOM TUESDAY: 08:30 AM - 12:30 PM Valle Giulia – Room V6 THURSDAY: 09:30 AM - 1:00 PM Valle Giulia – Room V13 Referring Professor: Professor Arch. Marsia Marino Office Hours: Tuesday from 12:30 PM to 1:30 PM by appointment Email: marsia.marino@uniroma1.it General Objective of the Course The course aims to equip students with the ability to interpret the relationships between the processes of urban and territorial transformation and the theories and tools of urban planning. To this end, the main themes of the scientific-disciplinary debate will be explored, providing a first approach to urban planning in its theoretical, technical, and design aspects. Course Structure The course is divided into two complementary teaching modules: Module 1 | Theoretical Lectures The lectures delve into theoretical-methodological insights and are supplemented with design references related to experiences in modern and contemporary urban culture, predominantly European. The topics are structured around three main themes: • The origins of modern urban planning in Europe; • Current Italian urban planning instruments; • Emerging themes in urban planning. Module 2 | Laboratory-style Exercises (group work) The learning path includes four intermediate submissions on the progress of the laboratory exercise, each at the end of the respective assignment: • Table 1 – Territorial Framing_Scale; • Table 2 – Analysis of the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values_Scale; • Table 3 – Analysis of the Settlement-morphological System; • Table 4 – Analysis of the Services and Infrastructure System. Lecture Contents by Themes Module 1 | Theoretical Lectures • Theme 1 | Origins of Modern Urban Planning in Europe This section succinctly illustrates the historical path through which, in relation to the dynamics of fundamental socio-economic models, the modern city is formed and undergoes crises (post-industrial period: 19th-century Industrial Revolution). In particular, it analyzes the reasons why the discipline of urban planning was established in an attempt to govern the complexities of the phenomena accompanying the development of the 19th-century industrial city. • Theme 2 | Italian Urban Planning Tools This section illustrates the "tools" of contemporary Italian urban planning in relation to the evolution of the social and economic system and the legislative framework. In particular, the lessons related to this theme delve into the main urban planning instruments at the territorial and urban scale, provided by current legislation, and provide technical urban planning notions. • Theme 3 | Emerging Themes in Urban Planning This section illustrates some innovative planning experiences being experimented in Europe and Italy, in relation to increased sensitivity towards social and environmental issues. In particular, it delves into the contributions of urban planning to the themes of sustainable development, safeguarding environmental resources, climate change, and urban welfare. Module 2 | Laboratory-style Exercise The planned exercise aims to gain familiarity with the main tools of urban planning, putting into practice the theories and techniques acquired during Module 1 of theoretical lectures. Through a classroom Laboratory activity, students are called to engage with: Basic cartography and thematic maps; Site inspection techniques; General and thematic analysis; Objective and critical urban analysis; General and sector-specific legislation; Urban planning parameters and indices; Basic legends and themes; Thematic research on the internet; Representation and layout techniques; Technical implementation rules; Local urban planning tools; Sizing and calculations. The exercise aims to develop an in-depth understanding and critical analysis of the territory, and the methodology is divided into two main phases: Phase 1 | In-depth Knowledge of the Territory (objective analysis) The submissions, drafted at a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:5,000, concern the analysis and understanding of the existing territory and its planned layout with the aim of identifying the structural elements of the territory divided by systems (the Landscape-environmental System and historical-cultural values; the Settlement-morphological System and the elements characterizing urban morphology; the Services and Infrastructure System). The submissions must be accompanied by textual descriptions and photographs on individual themes and must include the study of the area's relationships with the context, highlighting the accessibility system to the area, the main points of social aggregation, the main urban functions located in the reference sector, and the system of routes and directions. This phase aims to understand the territorial context. In this phase, one learns to "Read the city." In this phase, urban systems and components are analyzed as they appear, without a critical judgment. Submissions related to Phase 1: Table 1 – Territorial Framing_Scale 1:10,000; Table 2 – Analysis of the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values_Scale 1:5,000; Table 3 – Analysis of the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values_Scale 1:5,000; Table 4 – Analysis of the Services and Infrastructure System_Scale 1:5,000. Phase 2 | Critical Evaluation of the Territory (critical analysis) Simultaneously, downstream from the urban analysis at a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 carried out in the first phase of "In-depth Knowledge of the Territory," submissions 2, 3, and 4 (Table 2.1, 3.1, 4.1) will address the following issues related to a critical analysis of the territory. Schemes out of scale will be developed for each system to identify: existing values/qualities on which to base a possible "redevelopment" project (RESOURCE SCHEME); problems and negative situations for which the possible "project" is called to find suitable solutions (CRITICISM SCHEME); recognisable potential in some components and/or aggregations of components (according to the relationships between them) that can represent significant opportunities to be "exploited" in the "project" (POTENTIAL SCHEME); In this phase, urban systems and components are analyzed based on a critical judgment in order to define CRITICALITIES, POTENTIALS, and RESOURCES. Submissions related to Phase 2: Table 2.1 – Schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources of the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values; Table 3.1 – Schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources of the Settlement-morphological System; Table 3.1 – Schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources of the Services and Infrastructure System. List of exam submissions: methodological path Table 1 Phase 1 Territorial Framing Scale 1:10,000 Territorial Framing Objective urban analysis in context of the systems at a scale of 1:10,000: Landscape-environmental and historical-cultural values; Settlement-morphological; Services and infrastructures. Urban analysis + historical/urban analysis of the study area (urban evolution of the area in relation to historical-social and economic changes) + photographic analysis through physical and virtual inspections divided by systems (providing an overview of each system, with the most representative photos for each of the three). Reference documentation provided by the professor: Elaborate Systems and Rules at a scale of 1:10,000 of the PRG of Rome (2008). New cartographic infrastructure of the Municipality of Rome: https://www.comune.roma.it/TERRITORIO/nic-gwt/ Table 2 (Phase 1) and 2.1 (Phase 2) Objective urban analysis + Critical analysis Scale 1:5,000 Out of scale schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources Analysis of the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values. Objective urban analysis of only the Landscape-environmental System and Historical-cultural Values at a scale of 1:5,000 (Table 2) + critical analysis, aimed at defining: criticalities, potentials, and resources (out of scale schemes). Urban analysis + schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources (each scheme should be accompanied by a concise discursive description) + photographic analysis through physical and virtual inspections divided by systems (providing an overview of criticalities, potentials, and resources of each system). Reference documentation provided by the professor: Elaborate Systems and Rules at a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 + Ecological Network 1:10,000 of the PRG of Rome (2008). New cartographic infrastructure of the Municipality of Rome: https://www.comune.roma.it/TERRITORIO/nic-gwt/ Table 3 (Phase 1) and 3.1 (Phase 2) Objective analysis + Critical analysis Scale 1:5,000 Out of scale schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources Analysis of the Settlement-morphological System. Objective urban analysis of only the Settlement-morphological System at a scale of 1:5,000 (Table 2) + critical analysis, aimed at defining: criticalities, potentials, and resources (out of scale schemes). Urban analysis + schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources (each scheme should be accompanied by a concise discursive description) + photographic analysis through physical and virtual inspections divided by systems (providing an overview of criticalities, potentials, and resources of each system). Reference documentation provided by the professor: Elaborate Systems and Rules at a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 of the PRG of Rome (2008). New cartographic infrastructure of the Municipality of Rome: https://www.comune.roma.it/TERRITORIO/nic-gwt/ Table 4 (Phase 1) and 4.1 (Phase 2) Objective analysis + Critical analysis Scale 1:5,000 Out of scale schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources Analysis of the Services and Infrastructure System. Objective urban analysis of only the Services and Infrastructure System at a scale of 1:5,000 (Table 2) + critical analysis, aimed at defining: criticalities, potentials, and resources (out of scale schemes). Urban analysis + schemes of criticalities, potentials, and resources (each scheme should be accompanied by a concise discursive description) + photographic analysis through physical and virtual inspections divided by systems (providing an overview of criticalities, potentials, and resources of each system). Reference documentation provided by the professor: Elaborate Systems and Rules at a scale of 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 of the PRG of Rome (2008). New cartographic infrastructure of the Municipality of Rome: https://www.comune.roma.it/TERRITORIO/nic-gwt/ Timetable for the submissions of the laboratory exercise (dates may be subject to changes, which will be communicated during the course) • 26/10/2023 Submission of Table 1; • 14/11/2023 Submission of Table 2 + 2.1; • 28/11/2023 Submission of Table 3 + 3.1; • 11/12/2023 Submission of Table 4 + 4.1. For revisions, it is necessary to book an appointment by providing the professor with a list of interested groups. The list of booked appointments must reach the professor on the morning of the respective revision. Students will be attended to in order of booking, and they must have the tables printed BEFORE BEING CALLED!!! Evaluation Methods and Criteria The final exam grade is unique and individual and will be the result of the two modules: • Group grade for the laboratory activity (in the event of a significant difference in the involvement and contribution of individual members to the group activity during the exam, the partial grade for the laboratory activity may differ); • Individual grade for theoretical topics. The exam will be conducted in a group (all group members must take the exam in the same session and in the same exam call). The group evaluation for the laboratory exercise will take place during the final exam. At the end of the group's presentation of the work produced during the laboratory activity, the professor will ask individual questions to each member on the following topics: Laboratory work, Theoretical-methodological topics covered during the lectures; Reference bibliography. At the end of the exam, each examinee will have their own individual grade (which will be the sum of the group grade for the laboratory activity and the individual grade for theoretical topics. The grades of the group members may therefore differ, based on the performance of the individual oral exam, even on the basis of the same group grade for the exercise). The evaluation will take into account the following parameters: Active participation in lectures; Respect for the organization and instructions provided by the professor (which also includes compliance with deadlines, punctuality in lectures, and in the production and submission of assignments and/or assigned topics); Quality of work, completeness, presentation, and graphic rendering of the submissions, quality of oral presentation, ability to synthesize, understand, acquire, and master the content.