Medicine and Surgery

Contents recommended by the coordinator Prof.ssa Vicini

general notions of inorganic and organic chemistry, knowledge of eukaryote cell biology

Istologia di V. Monesi (Adamo et al.) ; Embriologia umana (D Felici et al.)

classroom lessons, practical lessons with the optical microscope, seminars

multiple choice quizzes and oral examination

classroom lessons, practical lessons with the optical microscope, seminars

TISSUES Methods: concepts of fixation and staining. Notions of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The various types of microscopes and their use. Main methodologies for the study of cells and cellular components. Cell aggregation: concept of tissue, organ and apparatus. Tissue renewal; stem cells and cell population kinetics. Epithelial tissues: cell polarity, cytoskeleton, membrane specializations; histogenesis, histological organization, classification; example references of structure-function relationship (epidermis, intestinal epithelium, ciliated epithelium, endothelia). Exocrine and endocrine glands: mechanisms of cell secretion; histogenesis, histological organization, classification; references to major exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective tissues. Histogenesis, mesenchyme. Histological organization: cells, matrix, fibers. Structure-function relationship. Special connectives: reticular t., adipose t., elastic t., mucosal t. The macrophage system, endocytosis and lysosomes. Blood and lymph. Notes on the composition of blood plasma. Morphology and morpho-functional relationships of corpuscular elements. Determination of the main blood values. Myeloid tissue and lymphoid tissue. Hemopoiesis and hemochateresis. Cartilaginous tissue. Histogenesis, histological organization and morpho-functional relationships. The various types of cartilage. The perichondrium. Mechanisms of cartilage nutrition and growth. Bone tissue. Histological organization of compact and spongy bone tissue. The periosteum. The various types of ossification. Mechanisms of bone accretion and remodeling. Functions of bone tissue. Muscle tissues. Histogenesis, histological organization and morpho-functional relationships of skeletal striated, cardiac striated and smooth muscle tissue. Nervous tissue. Histogenesis and general organization and morpho-functional relationships. Neuron types and their morphology. The neuroglia. The synapse. The nerve fiber; general structure of nerves. 2. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT. Gametogenesis. The structural organization of the gonads. Seminiferous epithelium and spermatogenesis. Ovogenesis and folliculogenesis. Ovulation. Ovarian cycle and uterine cycle. Hormonal regulation of gametogenesis. Fertilization. Structural aspects and morpho-functional correlations. Early development. Segmentation, blastocyst formation, implantation, trilaminar embryo formation, the subdivisions of the mesoderm. Formation of organs and apparatuses. The folds of the embryo. Formation of the neural sketch and its derivatives; other ectodermal derivatives: the epidermis. Somites and their derivatives. Formation of the primitive gut. Formation and development of the coelomic cavity and the meses. Formation of the primitive heart tube and vessels. Embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis. Formation of the outline of the urinary tract. Formation of the gonadal and genital tract sketches. Development of anterior, middle and posterior intestinal derivatives. Formation and development of the respiratory sketch. Embryonic origin of the major glands (pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, thyroid). Hints at the origin of major malformations. Formation of embryonic adnexa. Placenta, amniotic cavity, umbilical cord.

General knowledge of inorganic and organic chemistry and an understanding of the biology of the eukaryotic cell

Istologia di V. Monesi (Adamo et al.) ; Embriologia umana (D Felici et al.)

attendance is not mandatory

Written test (multiple-choice quizzes) and oral test (in Italian)

AA. VV, Elementi di Istologia e cenni di Embriologia, Piccin; L.P. Gartner e J.L. Hiatt, Atlante a colori e Testo di Istologia, Piccin; A.L. Mescher, Junqueira Istologia, Testo e Atlante, Piccin; AA. VV. Istologia di Monesi, Piccin Pawlina W. & Ross M.H. , Istologia 3ed, Testo e Atlante, Ambrosiana LINK ATLANTE: https://www.histologyguide.com/slidebox/slidebox.html

The course will be conducted as traditional lecturing (in Italian) Frontal teaching activity, interactive teaching activity, elective teaching activity. Mandatory attendance