DEVELOPMENTAL MODELS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COGNITION

Course objectives

General aims. This course will provide an overview of theories, methods, and research findings in the area of social cognition, with emphasis on both cognitive and social development. Because social cognition is a type of cognition, general lessons about conceptual representations and their development will apply. The ‘social’ in social cognition will lead us to focus on cognition as it relates to the self as a social entity, other individuals, and social groups, in particular, children’s repre-sentations of other people, their motives, goals, and intentions. We will review the latest research in the development of social cognition, including research on theory of mind, empathy, imitation, emotion and altruism. Developmental dis-orders characterized by impairments in social and communication behaviors will also be reviewed. The course com-bines in class lectures with debate/discussions preparation and presentations by students, with the aim of creating a dynamic class context for active learning. Knowledge and understanding At the end of the course students should be able to: a) Summarize the major theoretical approaches in socio-cognitive development, and critically evaluate their points of strengths and limitations; b) Summarize the most important research findings on the development of social cognition, especially in terms of how children’s acting and thinking change across development; c) Explain the advantages of various research methodologies in the field. Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the course students should be able to: a) Critically evaluate strengths and limitations of any single theory, and to recognize that different theories pro-vide different explanations for the same phenomena; b) Observe and interpret relevant child behaviours in order to assess whether a given child in a given context has acquired the developmental age-appropriate milestones expected in the socio-cognitive domain; c) Evaluate, critique and compare the methodological tools that might be most applicable to addressing ques-tions about specific aspects of children’s socio-cognitive development. d) Explain the major controversies in the scientific literature in the field, through student-led debates and discus-sions. Making judgments We expect that by the end of the course students will demonstrate skills needed to a) relate theories, research findings, and methods in the field to everyday problems and real world concerns that are relevant to social policy and educa-tional practice, and b) interpret relevant data in order to inform judgements that include reflections on relevant social, scientific and ethical issues related to development. These abilities will be acquired through theoretical lessons and practical methodological seminars in which students will present and discuss empirical research in small groups. Communication skills We expect that by the end of the course students will be able to present and communicate in a scientifically appropriate manner with their peers and with the wider scholarly community regarding their area of expertise. Learning skills At the end of the course the student should demonstrate an understanding of how to find, access, and use electronic documents and resources, in order to constantly update and deepen professional knowledge and skills. Prerequisites A basic knowledge of Developmental Psychology is required.

Channel 1
FRANCESCA BELLAGAMBA Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
Using contemporary theory, research, and methods relevant to developmental social cognition, the course will emphasise developmental processes and individual differences in various domains, including communication, language, intentionality, cooperation and theory of mind. The model of early child devel-opment that emerges is one in which equal importance is given to the socio-cultural context in which children are developing, and to the role played by children in actively constructing their own knowledge. Students may choose to discuss in class topics related to everyday problems and real-world concerns that are relevant to social policy and educational practice including: parental beliefs and practices about infant care (infant feeding, sleep, attachment issues, infant media exposure), cultural issues around childbirth and breastfeeding, family leave policies, education and policy differences, gender/sexual issues, care about environment, environmental education and sustainable life styles in new generations. The theoretical lessons of the course will be structured as follows: 1) An Introduction to social cognition development 2) The ontogeny of uniquely human social cognition 3) Intentionality 4) Communication and language 5) Cultural learning 6) Cooperative thinking 7) Altruism 8) Theory of mind and deception
Prerequisites
A basic knowledge of Developmental Psychology is required.
Books
For those who cannot attend the course, the exam consists of a written examination with open questions on the topics covered in the Textbook and in 3 research articles: Textbook: Michael Tomasello (2019). Becoming Human. Harvard University Press. Research articles: • Liszkowski, U., Carpenter, M., Striano, T., & Tomasello, M. (2006). 12-and 18-month-olds point to provide information for others. Journal of cognition and development, 7(2), 173-187. • Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 397-402. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008 • Hermann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: the Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. Attending students are requested to study a list of research articles that will be communicated at the beginning of classes and that will be posted on the course Moodle website.
Frequency
Students are advised to attend classes.
Exam mode
4.1 Evaluation Final evaluation will verify acquisition of knowledge. 4.2 Numbers of evaluations and time schedule For those who cannot attend the course, the exam consists of a written examination with open questions on the topics covered in the study text. For attending students the evaluation will take into consideration the active participation to the lessons, the ability to reason and to study autonomously together with the ability to work in groups. An article will be assigned every week for discussion. Copies will be posted on the course Moodle website. All participants are expected to have read the papers. For those who attend classes the evaluation methods consist of: (a) the evaluation of participation in the activities carried out in the classroom (short presentations, coding videos, individual and group activities); b) Term Paper. Term paper (3,000 words, plus references) should be modeled after Trends in Cognitive Science Re-view articles and consist in a review of the recent literature on one of the topics discussed in class. 4.3 Type, duration and modality of the final assessment For non-attending students the evaluation consists of a written examination with open questions on the topics covered in the study text, and will last 2 hr. For attending students, the evaluation consists of an oral examination on the research articles assigned during classes and on the Term Paper that has to be completed and to be sent to the teacher at least 10 days before the date of the exam. Students are required to register in INFOSTUD in order to be admitted to the exam. 4.4 Course evaluation For attending students the participation in the activities carried out in the classroom (short presentations, coding videos, individual exercises and group activities) will be weighted 40% of the final grade, while the final oral exam included the evaluation of the Term paper will be weighted 60% of the final grade. The research article presentation will be evaluated for clarity of presentation, ability to use scientific lexicon and the ability to relate the hypotheses of the authors to the obtained results. Oral and written examinations will be evaluated in terms of accuracy, ability to summarise and to use the appropriate scientific lexicon.
Lesson mode
Classes will include in class lectures, videotaped infant observations, in class discussions of readings, and debates. • During the lessons theoretical issues will be explained in their general aspects and some representative experiments and videotapes will be presented. Students will be actively engaged in coding behaviours from videotaped interactions illustrative of the concepts and issues addressed. Through pre-recorded videos students will exercise their ability to observe children of different ages, in different social and cultural con-texts and will learn about inter-observer reliability. • Students are expected to read all course material and come to class prepared to discuss and critically evaluate the target empirical article. Students should be able to talk about the following points for each article: (1) What is main take home message(s) or main arguments? (2) What questions were addressed? (3) What methods were used? (4) What theoretical position does this paper build upon? (5) What are some weaknesses with the argument/study? (6) What counter points might other theorists raise in response to this piece? • For classes that contain “debates”, students will be assigned to a given side, and asked to present evidence in support of their arguments.
  • Lesson code10611904
  • Academic year2024/2025
  • CourseApplied Dynamic and Clinical Psychology
  • CurriculumClinical psychosexology
  • Year1st year
  • Semester2nd semester
  • SSDM-PSI/04
  • CFU6
  • Subject areaPsicologia dello sviluppo e dell'educazione