GENERAL PHYSICS II

Course objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the basic theoretical understanding of classical electromagnetism. Expected results: the ability to lay out and solve standard exercises on electrostatic, magnetostatic, slowly varying electric and magnetic fields. Acquired knowledge: after passing the exam, the students will be able to profitably follow advanced courses in theoretical physics. Acquired competences: besides learning the fundamental physics laws of electromagnetism, the students will develop the specific skills needed to address and solve scientific problems via analytical methods, in order to study, model and understand classical electromagnetic phenomena.

Channel 1
ETTORE MAJORANA Lecturers' profile
Channel 2
FRANCESCO PANNARALE GRECO Lecturers' profile

Program - Frequency - Exams

Course program
1. Electrostatics in vacuum. * Coulomb's law, the unit of charge in the SI, conservation of charge. * Definition of electrostatic field E and electrostatic potential V; principle of superposition for E and V. * Electric dipole, potential and field created by a dipole, mechanical actions on a dipole.
 * Electrostatic energy of a system of charges.
 * Lines of force and equipotential surfaces. * Electric field flow; Gauss's theorem; examples of electrostatic field calculations using Gauss's theorem: layer and double layer, undefined wire.
 * Equations of electrostatics in vacuum in differential and integral form; Poisson's and Laplace's equations; energy density and pressure of electrostatic field . 2. Conductors in electrostatics. * Properties of conductors in electrostatic regime, electrostatic induction, hollow conductors, electrostatic screen, image charge method, Capacitors, capacitors connected in series or parallel; energy of a charged capacitor. 3. Electrostatic properties of dielectrics. * Polarization and dielectric displacement.
 * Dielectric constant. * Maxwell's equations in dielectric media. 4. Electric current. * Definition of current intensity and current density; continuity equation. * Stationary currents; resistance of a conductor and Ohm's law. 5. Magnetostatics * Oersted's and Ampere's discoveries; definition of magnetostatic field; absence of magnetic monopoles. * Mechanical actions on a magnetic dipole and potential energy of a magnetic dipole. * Magnetic force on a current-carrying circuit; Lorentz force; motion of a charge in a magnetic field.
 * The magnetic field generated by stationary currents: the undefined straight wire, the circular loop and the undefined solenoid. * The magnetic dipole moment of a current flowing in a loop.
 * Magnetic field circuitation, Ampere's theorem; examples of magnetic field calculations using Ampere's circuitation theorem.
 * Differential form and integral of the equations of magnetostatics in vacuum. 6. Time-varying magnetic and electric fields. * Faraday's discoveries and the Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law. * Case of "cut flux"; alternating f.e.m. generators. * Autoinduction and mutual induction; closing and opening extracurrents in an RL circuit. * Hints on alternating current circuits, resonance of an RLC circuit.
 * Magnetic energy of a current-carrying solenoid; energy density of the magnetic field.
 * Contradiction between Ampere's circuit theorem and conservation of current, introduction of "displacement current".
Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field. 7. Electromagnetic waves * Solutions of Maxwell's equations in vacuum, electromagnetic waves propagating with the speed of light.
 8. Lorentz transformations and hints of restricted relativity.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of differential and integral calculus, analysis, and linear algebra are essential. It is essential to have properly absorbed the fundamental laws of dynamics and the concepts of work and potential energy from the course of General Physics I.
Books
Suggested textbooks * Fisica II. Elettromagnetismo. Ottica by C. Mencuccini e V. Silvestrni, Ed. CEA * Fisica Generale - Elettromagnetismo by S. Focardi, I.G. Massa, A. Uguzzoni, M. Villa, Ed. CEA * Fisica – Elettromagnetismo e ottica by U. Gasparini, M. Margoni, F. Simonetto, Ed. Piccini Problem solving books di esercizi * Fisica Vol II by P. Mazzoldi. M. Nigro, C. Voci, Ed. Edises * Problemi di Fisica generale – Elettromagnetismo ed ottica by M. Nigro, C. Voci, Ed. Cortina Additional textbooks for deeper insight * Electricity and Magnetism: Berkeley Physics Course by E. M. Purcell, Ed. Zanichelli * Introduction to Electrodynamics by D. J. Griffiths, Ed. Prentice-Hall * Classical Electrodynamics by J. D. Jackson, Ed. John Wiley & Sons
Frequency
Optional.
Exam mode
The exam includes a written test and an oral test. The written test aims at assessing the student's ability in applying the knowledge acquired during the course. The oral test is aimed at assessing the knowledge and understanding of the topics of the program carried out in class. A mark of at least 16/30 in the written test is a requirement to be admitted to the oral test. During the semester of the course, two mid-term tests will be held. These will be valid for the purpose of passing the written test. In the event the student passes both tests, it is still possible to attend one of the final written tests and decide whether or not to submit the test, in order to improve one's grade. Once the written exam has been passed, the grade remains valid only for the corresponding exam session. The student must therefore sustain the oral exam in the same exam session.
Bibliography
Suggested textbooks * Fisica II. Elettromagnetismo. Ottica, di C. Mencuccini e V. Silvestrni, Ed. CEA * Fisica Generale - Elettromagnetismo di S. Focardi, I.G. Massa, A. Uguzzoni, M. Villa, Zanichelli, seconda edizione * Fisica – Elettromagnetismo e ottica di U. Gasparini, M. Margoni, F. Simonetto, Ed. Piccini
Lesson mode
There will be 4 hours a week of frontal lessons and 3 of exercises. During the latter, students will be given time to discuss possible solution strategies amongst themselves, before the problems are solved on the board.
MASSIMO MASTRODICASA Lecturers' profile
  • Lesson code1035142
  • Academic year2025/2026
  • Coursecorso|33592
  • CurriculumMatematica per le applicazioni
  • Year3rd year
  • Semester1st semester
  • SSDFIS/02
  • CFU9
  • Subject areaAttività formative affini o integrative