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Curriculum(s) for 2024 - Chemistry (32385)

Optional groups

The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
10612087 | ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND HEALTH1st1st6CHIM/01ITA

Educational objectives

1) The goal is introducing students to environmental problems and is effects on human health, not only by chemical aspects

2) In addition, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors are treated, so that students may have an overview on sickness or discomfort due to chemical, physical and biological exposure.

3) Students will correctly examinate an environmental or workplace case, and discuss it with collegues.

4) The communication ability is in expanding the curiosity and the questions of others students.

5) The final knowledges will permit in future job the possibility also to give an expert opinion in monitoring data, the degree of risk, and the methods of hazard controls, also operating together with experts in different fields.
10612084 | MASS SPECTROMETRY1st1st6CHIM/01ITA

Educational objectives

The lectures are aimed to provide to the students an educational path starting from the basic concepts of mass spectrometry up to its last developments and applications in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomolecules study.
At the end of the course, the students have to demonstrate the knowledge of the theory and basic principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and mass analyzers. Moreover, the students should have understood the potential of the coupling between liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as tandem mass spectrometry, in particular concerning complex mixtures and compounds at trace levels. Furthermore, the students have to be able to extrapolate and describe the main data and information obtainable from a mass spectrum.
Concerning the application of the knowledge, in case of a real problem, the students should possess the capability of select both the most suitable instrumentation and acquisition modes for the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. The capability of arguing the choice of possible analytical strategies is another important objective.
Finally, self-study capability should be proven by gaining further insight into specific course topics with the aid of the scientific literature.

The aims of the course are described in detail according to the five Dublin descriptors.

Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the students have learned the basic theoretical principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and the main mass analyzers. The students have to know the theory of tandem mass spectrometry and understand the possibilities concerning both qualitative and quantitative determination. They have to understand the potential of the coupling of tandem mass spectrometry with separative techniques or the possibility of very fast “in situ” analyses. They have to recognize between information obtainable from low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry and to understand the concept of mass accuracy.

Dublin Descriptor 2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
The students have to acquire the capability of facing a complex analytical problem with the aid of mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for example for applications in environmental or food analysis. It is important also to take into account the related European law concerning the maximum allowable limits of certain substances depending on the limit of detection of the technique and its various acquisition modes. The students have to be able to select the most suitable ionization technique depending on target analytes and sample origin, also suggesting a possible coupling between mass spectrometry and a separation technique.

Dublin Descriptor 3 - Making judgments
The students have to develop the capability of critical evaluation concerning an analytical or general research problem, which requires the application of mass spectrometry, by connecting the knowledge acquired during the whole study course. This capability is developed by the aid of examples from the scientific literature, with particular emphasis on complex mixtures of compounds present at trace level and/or structurally unknown, and biomolecules (e.g. proteins and peptides). It is also important the capability of justifying the choice of the analytical strategy.

Dublin Descriptor 4 – Communication skills
The students have to be able to write in a report or verbally communicate the acquired knowledge, in a concise, coherent, and well-focalized way, also by the aid of graphic informatic tools, to be understandable by both specialized and non-specialized audience.

Dublin Descriptor 5 – Learning skills
At the end of the course, the students should have developed suitable tools to stimulate detailed studies and links between different topics. They should possess the skills to independently refer to the scientific literature related to mass spectrometry to deepen both some theoretical aspects and, most of all, application aspects. By referring to the scientific literature, the students have to be able to obtain the information to solve new problems, as well as to get the fundamental tools useful for their professional activity.
The student must acquire 12 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
10612095 | STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS1st2nd6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

The course of Statistical Thermodynamics intends to provide the skills necessary for
the use of statistical thermodynamics and its applications. In particular, at the end of
the course the student will have acquired the basic knowledge of both classical and
quantum statistical mechanics, he will know the properties of the different types of
ensembles and he will be able to establish in each case study which ensemble to
apply. The student will have to demonstrate autonomy in learning, as well as critical
judgment on the assimilated concepts. The student is expected to have the ability to
frame the problem under examination in the right context, to know how to choose
the most suitable models for the study of the proposed systems, demonstrating the
ability to apply the skills acquired.
10612136 | MATERIALS THERMODYNAMICS1st2nd6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

General Educational Target

To complete the education and training of students in the field of physicochemical thermodynamics at a graduate level

Specific Educational Targets

A) Knowledge and understanding. This class is aimed at giving students a body of knowledge that can be summarized by four points: 1) to deepen the understanding of fundamentals of thermodynamics (that students were introduced to in the Chimica Fisica I class during the undergraduate course) with special emphasis on the second law of thermodynamics, which is presented by an approach based on the concept of entropy production as the driving force for the irreversible processes; 2) to illustrate the thermodynamic treatment of one-component or fixed-composition systems with a systematic and mathematically rigorous approach, by deriving the total differentials of all the thermodynamic functions involved in physicochemical problems; 3) to extend the thermodynamic treatment to processes and systems more complex than those addressed by students in the elementary courses: real gases, multicomponent real solutions and phase diagrams, heterogeneous chemically reactive systems, high-pressure phenomena, systems with curved interfaces, etc.; 4) to illustrate the basic aspects of the most important experimental techniques used to determine thermodynamic properties.

B) Applying knowledge and understanding. With regard to the ability in applying the above reported contents, a part of the classes is intended to enable students 1) to solve practical problems of applied thermodynamics and thermochemistry, such as to calculate heat, work, and changes of thermodynamic functions in reversible and irreversible processes, to evaluate the driving force of irreversible processes, the mixing properties in multicomponent solutions, the equilibrium phases and their compositions in reactive and non-reactive systems, to read and discuss two- and three-component phase diagrams, etc. and 2) to give students a good command of the mathematical handling of thermodynamic functions and expressions, enabling them to derive autonomously other relations useful in solving specific physicochemical problems.
10612093 | LABORATORY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS1st2nd6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding
The use of complex and accurate simulation models of real chemical systems, which until the fifties was only a possibility, has become a reality thanks to the impressive development of calculators and calculation systems. The course aims to introduce students to the vast field of simulation techniques starting from the ab-initio calculation.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding
The basic theoretical knowledge, starting from the principles of quantum mechanics applied to electronic systems will allow the students to:
- understand the simulation techniques used in a literature article.
- choose the most appropriate method to conduct a simulation of a chemical system.
- judge the quality and limits of a simulation.
3) Making Judgments
Approximately 12 hours of "hands on" practical exercises are foreseen in which, through the use of specific software and "templates" made available by the teacher, students can develop the skills to handle the most common calculation techniques on chemical systems real. They will also be able to appreciate the scale of practical complexity that must be addressed in order to produce reliable simulation techniques.
4) Communication skills
The exercises carried out in class together with the teacher and the related reports will allow students to develop communication skills.
5) Learning skills
This course represents an introduction to computational chemistry and in this sense provides the basic tools to access the more complex and advanced topics that typically form part of the world of frontier research in this matter.
10612096 | STORAGE AND ENERGY1st2nd6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the renewable energy sources
OF 2) Knowing the main methods and devices for energy storage
OF 3) Knowing the main methods and devices for energy conversion
OF 4) Understanding materials properties in terms of energy content

B - Application skills
OF 5) Developing analysis protocols to study the properties of functional materials
OF 6) Establishing functionality of materials in conversion/storage devices based on their
physical-chemical properties
OF 7) Monitoring the performances of energy conversion/storage devices

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 8) Being able to evaluate applicability of materials and devices in different fields of energy
conversion/storage (stationary/mobile), based on data available in the literature and on the
outcome of the laboratory tests performed during the course
OF 9) Being able to select the most suitable methods for materials investigation, based on their
nature and redox properties
OF 10) Being able to evaluate coherence of materials and conversion/storage devices with the
requirements and targets of current energy policies

D - Communication skills
OF 11) Knowing how to communicate the properties of materials with particular reference to
their energy characteristics
OF 12) Knowing how to communicate the working principles of conversion/storage devices

E - Ability to learn
OF 13) Acquiring the ability to consult literature on materials for conversion/storage devices
OF 17) Acquiring the ability to evaluate the adequacy of an investigation method for studying the
performance of new materials by consulting technical data sheets and information sheets
The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
10612101 | ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY2nd1st6CHIM/03ITA

Educational objectives

This course is dedicated to the acquisition of the tools necessary to use the knowledge acquired in basic chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms, for a deep understanding of inorganic and organometallic chemistry with particular attention to the fundamental mechanisms that concern transition metal complexes and their involvement in catalytic processes in the homogeneous phase.
1020331 | CATALYSIS SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES2nd1st6CHIM/03ITA

Educational objectives

The main aim is to provide knowledge on the fundamental principles of heterogeneous catalysis and of the gas-solid reactivity. The course will be useful to acquire an integrated methodology to correlate structural and reactivity features of solid materials and gaseous reactants with kinetic and thermodynamics features of the reactions.
Students are expected to:
1. learn, by following a multidisciplinary approach, the fundamental methods for the catalysts preparation and characterization (in the bulk and at the surface), the mechanisms of surface reactions (adsorption of reactants, surface reactions, desorption of products) and some applications of catalysts in industrial processes and for the solution of environmental problems.
2. use of a multidisciplinary approach by analysing examples from research or industry field. The student will apply the basic principles, previously acquired in the main courses of General, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, to understand catalytic phenomena and will be able to evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative way:
- the main kinetic parameters for describing catalysts activity and selectivity, paying attention to the diffusion aspects;
- the main morphological and physico-chemical properties (composition, structure, dispersion) of the catalysts determining the catalytic performance.
3. move the first steps in the interpretation of experimental results reported in the scientific literature.
4. be able to present in a synthetic and appropriate way the acquired knowledge.
5. be able to argument his choices, thus facing further studies with a certain degree of autonomy.
10616556 | astrochemistry2nd1st6CHIM/03ITA

Educational objectives

Chemistry and microphysics, i.e. all the processes that occur at microscopic scales where quantum effects are predominant, are fundamental to understanding how stars and planets form, and how life originated from the extreme conditions of the interstellar medium. The Astrochemistry course has the following objectives: i) to provide the physical background necessary to understand the subject of study of astrochemistry, ii) to introduce the chemical processes that occur under the extreme conditions of density and temperature of the interstellar medium: gas phase processes, surface chemistry (catalytic processes), and radiation-induced processes, iii) provide the theoretical, experimental, and computational tools to study the chemistry of the interstellar medium. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand the fundamental concepts of astrochemistry at both microscopic and macroscopic scales (descriptor 1) and to have the basis to start doing research in this interdiscipline by identifying the main problems and sought out possible solutions (descriptor 2 and 4). Furthermore, the ability of analysis and logical coherence in the presentation or related topics and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language within the discipline context (descriptors 3 and 4) will also be evaluated through discussions and presentations in the classroom.
The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
1020450 | CHEMICAL REACTION DYNAMICS WITH LABORATORY2nd1st6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

The expected learning outcomes, according to the Dublin descriptors, are the following:

Descriptor 1 (knowledge and understanding): at the end of the course the student will have acquired the knowledge to understand the links between the chemical kinetics (macroscopic) and the dynamics of chemical reactions (microscopic). The phenomena that lead to the formation or breaking of a bond in chemical reactions will be understood at the molecular level.

Descriptor 2 (knowledge and understanding skills applied): the theoretical knowledge acquired will be applied to the experimental study of a real case of UV photodissociation process using an apparatus for Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy. The velocity distribution of a molecular beam will be measured and the primary dissociation channels identified.

Descriptor 3 (Autonomy of judgment): judgment autonomy will be developed during practical laboratory experiments.

Descriptor 4 (communication skills): through the involvement in the lectures and laboratory experiments the student will be stimulated to develop his communication skills.

Descriptor 5 (ability to continue the study in an autonomous way): this course aims to provide the basic knowledge on the dynamics of chemical reactions and, more generally, on the study of chemical and physical processes starting from a microscopic view of such phenomena. This approach can be extended autonomously to many other fields of investigation that can range from physical chemistry, organic chemistry, etc.
10612102 | MOLECULAR DYNAMICS2nd1st6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, as regards the essential knowledge, the student must have acquired skills regarding the most suitable approaches to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic properties based on the complexity of the system.
The student is expected to have the ability to select the most suitable equations and formulas for solving quantitative problems and to know how to choose investigation methods suitable for studying the proposed systems (Dublin 1 and 2 descriptors).
Furthermore, the ability of analysis, synthesis, and logical coherence in the exposition and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language (Dublin 3 and 4 descriptors) will also be assessed through collective discussions in the classroom.
Finally, since it is a teaching of the Master's Degree in Chemistry, knowledge of the possible applications of investigation methodologies to solve chemical-physical problems will be appreciated.
10612113 | STRUCTURE OF MACROMOLECULES2nd1st6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

The course aims to introduce the concepts of the structure of matter and the chemical-physical methods applied to structural characterization focusing on X-ray and Neutron diffraction techniques. Different X-ray diffraction techniques will be introduced such as wide angle X-ray diffraction (EDXD and ADXD) and the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and their ability to characterize the structure over a wide spatial scale will be demonstrated (covering from interatomic distances to mesoscopic sizes).

Accurate knowledge of the theory of X-ray diffraction from an electron, an atom, a set of atoms and finally from a nanoparticle will be developed. The experimental data treatments will be explained with the aim of obtaining information on the structure of systems with different degrees of order: from disordered systems such as liquids, to crystalline and semicrystalline systems, to complex systems organized on the nanometric scale.
Furthermore, during the course the different theoretical models for the treatment of experimental data of macromolecular systems (polymers and biomolecules) will be introduced and related applications will be proposed and discussed.
Several laboratory experiments will be carried out demonstrating the ability of the X-ray diffraction technique for the structural study of disordered / complex systems. Diverse laboratory experiences will also be proposed to consolidate the theoretical knowledge and gain the practical ability to process experimental data. Through the laboratory experiences, the student will learn to collect diffraction data, will be able to process them, and, by the application of theoretical models, will extract the relevant structural parameters of the system under study.
At the end of the course, the student must have acquired skills regarding the general principles of X-ray scattering, the principles of the LAXS and SAXS experiment and the morphological properties of disordered / complex systems. The student will be able to select the most suitable experimental conditions for the study of the proposed systems, demonstrating the ability to apply the acquired skills. Furthermore, the student must know how to argue and defend the chosen options. He will have competence in extracting structural features of complex systems, such as polymer solutions, biomacromolecules solutions and complex fluids. At the end of the course the student must demonstrate the ability to frame the problem in the right context and to select the theoretical models best suited to its qualitative and quantitative resolution.
The final test will also evaluate the ability of analysis, synthesis and logical consistency in oral presentation and the ability of the student to communicate in an appropriate language at the level corresponding to Laurea Magistrale.

During the course the student will be proposed with scientific reports published in international journals together with the reference texts for further information that will be discussed in the classroom. This approach should favor the ability to learn and the habit of selecting various bibliographic sources, in Italian and in English. It should also stimulate the need for continuous updating, depending, for example, on the development of the Master's degree thesis or research doctorate. Furthermore students will be stimulated to propose selected systems, in order to apply the acquired techniques and correspondingly rationalise the relationship between microscopic features and macroscopic functionality.
1022360 | ELECTROCHEMISTRY2nd1st6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

In accordance to the first two Dublin descriptors, at the end of the course the student will have the knowledge of the following five points:

a) the mechanisms at the basis of electrical conduction in the different types of materials (ionic, electronic and mixed conductors) and the factors that control this phenomenon;
b) the phenomena that originate the electrochemical double layer;
c) the thermodynamics and the working principle of the electrochemical devices
d) kinetic factors that control the passage of electrical current in an electrochemical device;
e) electrochemical analysis of the phenomena of corrosion

The student will use the concepts grasped during the course of electrochemistry to realize electrochemical experiments for fundamental studies or for routine research.

The course has also the finality of developing the communication skills of the student (fourth Dublin descriptor). This is realized through questions during classes and in the final exam.
The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
1020451 | ORGANIC STEREOCHEMISTRY1st2nd6CHIM/06ITA

Educational objectives

The educational objectives expected in the course of Stereochemistry are the acquisition of the basic concepts of stereochemistry and stereoselective synthesis, the ability to correctly identify the possible stereogenic elements of a molecule, the knowledge of stereochemical nomenclature, the knowledge of the concepts regarding relative and absolute stereoselectivity. Students should be able to apply the acquired knowledge, recognize the spatial relationships between the groups of a molecule, recognize the stereogenic elements of a molecule. They should be able to recognize which asymmetric reactions could be successfully applied in an asymmetric synthesis and discuss the related problems. Students will have to be able to identify all possible stereoisomers of a complex molecule and correctly describe the stereochemical relationships between them.
10612104 | INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY1st2nd6CHIM/06ITA

Educational objectives

Knowledge of the main transformation processes of petrochemical industry, from raw materials to final products. Competence of placing chemical industry in the current socio-economic situation, understanding its historical and economic development by a knowledge of its peculiar economic characteristics. Analysis and comprehension of catalysis in industrial processes.
10612103 | BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY1st2nd6CHIM/06ITA

Educational objectives

General objectives: to acquire the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions and reactions in biological systems through a physical chemical-organic approach

Specific objectives: students will have acquired a theoretical / mechanistic basis with which they will be able to understand the mechanisms of action of biologically active molecules, such as natural organic substances and drugs.
The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
1026798 | BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY1st2nd6CHIM/03ITA

Educational objectives

1) Knowledge of the main inorganic elements present in biological systems and of the different role played by metals in the regulation of important properties (structure, action mechanism, specificity, and catalytic activity) in biological molecules as proteins and nucleic acids, also including the therapeutic use of unnatural metals. Basic knowledge of investigation techniques used in Bioinorganic Chemistry, such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Mössbauer spectroscopy or magnetic behaviour of metal ions.
2) Ability to correlate the properties of inorganic elements with the role that they play within biomolecules, albeit modulated by the biological component. Ability to apply the various techniques of investigation in the biological field, with particular reference to the information that can be obtained from them.
3) Development of critical skills and judgment in the learning of the subject, through the study of the teaching material provided to the students and the frequency of the lessons, during which the students are invited to ask questions and request clarifications. Since the course consists only of lectures, no other activities are planned.
4) Ability to communicate what has been learned during the course through the exam, consisting of a discussion lasting about 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the critical learning of the arguments and the ability to deepen personal knowledge.
5) Ability to deepen the topics studied, each according to personal propensities for each topic in an autonomous way, through the consultation of literature or specialized texts recommended in class and available in the Library of the Department.
1020360 | STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY BY DIFFRACTION METHODS1st2nd6CHIM/03ITA

Educational objectives

Objectives of the Course
1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics.
2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups.
3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry.
5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences.

Learning goals
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields.
2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry.
3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography.
4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders.
5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems.
6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.
The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams
LessonYearSemesterCFUSSDLanguage
10612102 | MOLECULAR DYNAMICS2nd1st6CHIM/02ITA

Educational objectives

At the end of the course, as regards the essential knowledge, the student must have acquired skills regarding the most suitable approaches to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic properties based on the complexity of the system.
The student is expected to have the ability to select the most suitable equations and formulas for solving quantitative problems and to know how to choose investigation methods suitable for studying the proposed systems (Dublin 1 and 2 descriptors).
Furthermore, the ability of analysis, synthesis, and logical coherence in the exposition and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language (Dublin 3 and 4 descriptors) will also be assessed through collective discussions in the classroom.
Finally, since it is a teaching of the Master's Degree in Chemistry, knowledge of the possible applications of investigation methodologies to solve chemical-physical problems will be appreciated.
10612114 | NATURAL AND BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES2nd1st6CHIM/06ITA

Educational objectives

Bioactive and pharmacologically active organic molecules belong to a wide, structurally various group of compounds, featuring high added value and interesting industrial potential application.
The main groups of natural biologically and pharmacologically active products will be illustrated, together with some important synthetic derivatives and analogues. Modern synthetic methodologies for the obtaining of biocative products will be described.
General educational objectives of the course are: to confer knowledge of the main bioactivity features of various classes of natural and synthetic organic compounds, to confer knowledge of the principles of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry.
At the end of the course (specific objectives) students will be able to: have a wider knowledge of metabolic pathways from which bioactive organic products come from in nature; have a general knowledge of structure activity relationship (SAR) applied to bioactive and pharmacological active organic compounds.
As expected results of the learning path, students will be able to describe metabolic pathways leading to bioactive compounds and to relate bioactivities to functional groups and chemical structures; to expand their knowledge in the field of medicinal chemistry and of modern synthetic methodologies applied to the preparation of bioactive molecules; to improve their expertise in correct scientific communication.