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Sensors and Biosensors: Definition and Components Recognition Methods and Selectivity: Recognition by Affinity Interactions , by Nucleic Acids, by Enzymes, by Cells and Tissues of Biological Origin Transduction Methods: Thermometric Transduction, Transduction Based on Mechanical Effects, Resistive and Capacitive Transduction, Electrochemical Transduction, Optical Transduction Sensor Configuration, Fabrication and Calibration: Sensor Arrays, Artificial nose and artificial tongue, Sensors in Flow Analysis Systems, Applications Enzymes and Enzymatic Sensors: Enzyme Components and Cofactors, Oxidases, Dehydrogenases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Transduction Methods in Enzymatic Biosensors, Multienzyme Sensors, Enzyme kinetic, Enzyme-Inhibition Sensors Chemical-Sensor Manufacturing: Covalent and Noncovalent Immobilization at Solid Surfaces, Supports and Support Modification, Affinity Reactions, Thin Molecular Layers, Self-Assembly, Sol-Gel Chemistry Methods, Hydrogels, Conducting Polymers, Entrapment in Mesoporous Materials, Polymer Membranes. Microfabrication Methods in Chemical-Sensor Technology Affinity-Based Recognition: Immunosensors, Immobilization Methods in Immunosensors, Immunoassay Formats, Protein and Peptide Microarrays, Biological Receptors, Artificial Receptors Nucleic Acids in Chemical Sensors: Structure and Properties, Analogs, Hybridization, Recognition of Non-Nucleotide Compounds, Recognition by Nucleic Acid Aptamers, Immobilization of Nucleic Acids, Transduction Methods, DNA Microarrays Nanomaterial Applications in Chemical Sensors: Metallic Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanomaterials, Polymer and Inorganic Nanofibers, Magnetic Micro- and Nanoparticles, Semiconductor Nanomaterials, Dendrimers Thermochemical Sensors: Temperature Transducers, Enzymatic Thermal Sensors, Principles of Thermal Transduction in Enzymatic Sensors, Thermocatalytic Sensors for Combustible Gases Potentiometric Sensors: Thermodynamics of the Galvanic Cell, Reference electrodes, Selectivity and Analytical Parameters. Potentiometric Ion Sensors, Ion Sensors, Molecular Receptors, Ion Exchangers and Receptors, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Conducting Polymers. Potentiometric Gas Sensors. Sensors Based on Semiconductor Electronic Devices: Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) Capacitors, Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MISFETs), FED Ion Sensors and Applications, pH ISFETs, LAPS, EnFETs, FED Gas Sensors. Semiconductor Metal Oxide Gas Sensors Dynamic Electrochemistry Transduction Methods: Amperometric Analysis, Steady-State Methods, Constant-Potential Chronoamperometry, Polarography, Linear-Scan Voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Pulse Voltammetry, Square-Wave Voltammetry (SWV), Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Amperometric Biosensors: First-, Second- and Third-Generation Amperometric Enzyme Sensors, Inorganic and Organic Mediators, Electron-Transfer by Redox Polymers. Electrochemical Affinity Sensors. Electrochemical Nucleic Acid Sensors. Electrical-Impedance-Based Sensors: Affinity Sensors, Conductometric Sensors, Impedimetric Sensors for Gases and Vapors Optical Sensors: Optical Waveguides, Label-Free Transduction, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectrometry. Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots), Carbon Nanotubes as Optical Labels, Metal Nanoparticle in Optical Sensing Mass Sensors: Acoustic-Wave Sensors, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), QCM Gas and Vapor Sensors, Affinity Sensors and Nucleic Acid Sensors. Microcantilever Sensors

Bănică, F.-G. (2012). Chemical sensors and biosensors: Fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

The student shall develop a 4-6 page project proposal for either: A novel sensor/biosensor, or An improved sensor/biosensor design. Format: PDF following the template provided on Classroom (with course materials), structured to include: - Working principle - Proposed materials and methods - Potential applications - Essential bibliography Oral Exam Discussion (15-20 minutes): - Presentation of design choices - Technical Q&A session - Critical analysis of limitations and future developments Grading Criteria: - Originality and feasibility - Scientific accuracy - Clarity of presentation - Critical thinking skills