Industrial Chemistry

Educational objectives

The general objective of the course is to provide basic knowledge relating to the operations used in production processes for obtaining metals from primary raw materials with the aim of highlighting limits and application possibilities for the treatment of secondary raw materials (by-products and wastes).

Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding
- Principles of unit operations for the physical pre-treatment of primary and secondary raw materials.
- Thermodynamics of pyrometallurgical processes for the recovery of metals from primary and secondary raw materials.
- Thermodynamics of hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of metals from primary and secondary raw materials.
These objectives are achieved through the provision of classroom lectures

Dublin Descriptor 2 – Applying knowledge and understanding
- Use of thermodynamic diagrams concerning pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical and electro-metallurgical processes as a guide for the development of new processes also in the treatment of secondary raw materials
- Representation of flow diagrams for recovery processes of metals from raw and secondary materials.
- Formulation of the balance equations of matter and energy that are the basis for the design and control of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical plants.
These objectives are achieved through the provision of classroom lectures in which specific examples discussed and dedicated exercises are developed.

Dublin Descriptor 3 – Making judgements
- Identification of potential secondary raw materials for the recovery of metals and processing of possible process schemes.
- Be able to identify and collect additional information on composition and material flows to evaluate possible recovery strategies.
- Processing of block diagrams and material balances for possible pyro, hydro and electrometallurgical processes starting from secondary raw materials.
These objectives are achieved through the elaboration in dedicated exercises of original process schemes for the recovery of metals from secondary raw materials and / or the elaboration of mass balances based on pre-acquired thermodynamic knowledge in frontal teaching and exercises.

Dublin Descriptor 4 – Communication skills
- Describing qualitatively the processes that can be implemented for the recovery of metals from primary and secondary raw materials.
- Knowing how to explain to non-experts the basics of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy;
- Knowing how to present a paper or summarize in a complete but concise manner the results achieved using the technical language correctly and graphics (block diagrams).
These objectives are achieved through class exposure of the material collected in groups concerning the development of innovative processes aimed at enhancing secondary raw materials.

Dublin Descriptor 5 – Learning skills
- Updating or expanding their knowledge by using, autonomously, texts, scientific articles, both in Italian and English, and by consulting the main databases available on the web.
- Developing of the ability to be continuously updated about the development of processes to recover metals from primary and secondary raw materials.

Educational objectives

The main aim is to provide knowledge on the fundamental principles of heterogeneous catalysis and of the gas-solid reactivity. The course will be useful to acquire an integrated methodology to correlate structural and reactivity features of solid materials and gaseous reactants with kinetic and thermodynamics features of the reactions.
Students are expected to:
1. learn, by following a multidisciplinary approach, the fundamental methods for the catalysts preparation and characterization (in the bulk and at the surface), the mechanisms of surface reactions (adsorption of reactants, surface reactions, desorption of products) and some applications of catalysts in industrial processes and for the solution of environmental problems.
2. use of a multidisciplinary approach by analysing examples from research or industry field. The student will apply the basic principles, previously acquired in the main courses of General, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, to understand catalytic phenomena and will be able to evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative way:
- the main kinetic parameters for describing catalysts activity and selectivity, paying attention to the diffusion aspects;
- the main morphological and physico-chemical properties (composition, structure, dispersion) of the catalysts determining the catalytic performance.
3. move the first steps in the interpretation of experimental results reported in the scientific literature.
4. be able to present in a synthetic and appropriate way the acquired knowledge.
5. be able to argument his choices, thus facing further studies with a certain degree of autonomy.

Educational objectives

EDUCATIONAL GOALS
The course contributes to the achievement of the training objectives set out in the Manifesto of Studies of the Master Degree in Industrial Chemistry (ARES curriculum: Environment, Resources, Energy, Safety).
In particular, the course aims to provide an overview on the application of chemical, physical, and biotechnological processes in the field of environmental protection, with particular reference to the main processes involved in waste and wastewater treatment, including their valorization, as both secondary resources and for energy purposes.
In this context, the course also intends to provide the key elements of the analysis and description of the aforementioned processes, also based on chemical engineering methods (kinetic analysis, mass and energy balances, thermodynamic relationships), providing specific examples for the cases studied.

Students who have passed the examination will have known and understood (descriptor 1 - acquired knowledge):
- Fundamentals of the main chemical, physical, and biological processes for the treatment of waste and wastewater and for energy and materials recovery
- Methods of quantitative representation of processes and preliminary sizing of the related equipment
- Use of specific techniques for measurement, monitoring, and control of relevance in the studied processes

Students who have passed the examination will be able (descriptor 2 - acquired skills):
- To apply methodologies for the analysis of processes of industrial relevance in the field of treatment and valorization of waste and wastewater and for the production of energy from renewable resources (up to the preliminary design of the main process units)
- To frame the contents learned in the more general context of environmental protection, also with reference to the regulatory framework
- To frame the contents learned in the more general context of development of chemical industry, with particular reference to environmental sustainability.

Along with lectures, the execution of numerical exercises and participation to laboratory activities, with self-employment of written reports on the studied topics, will allow to increase the critical and judgmental skills (descriptor 3) and the ability to communicate what has been learned (descriptor 4)

Educational objectives

The educational objective of this course is to provide the student with adequate knowledge of the fundamental concepts of the chemistry of advanced materials applied to the environmental, agro-food, energy, biotechnological and cultural heritage sectors.

In fact, materials are at the heart of industrial innovation and represent indispensable factors for industrial competitiveness and sustainable development. One of the most important objectives is to develop advanced materials with new functions and better performance in use, for more competitive and safer products that allow the impact on the environment and the consumption of resources to be reduced to a minimum.

Educational objectives

MODULE I
A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• Basic knowledge of statistical inference for data analysis (confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and analysis of variance);
• Basic knowledge of experimental design and related statistical analysis (factorial experiments and randomized block experiments for comparing two samples);
• Basic knowledge of linear (univariate and multivariate) and nonlinear regression analysis.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Apply techniques for experiment planning and related statistical data analysis;
• Perform linear and nonlinear regression of experimental data and the corresponding statistical analysis;
• Use data analysis and regression tools available in commonly used software (e.g., Excel), as well as in specialized technical software for experiment design and data analysis (e.g., JMP).

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the objective interpretation of available experimental data in relation to the comparison of samples with reference values, two samples, or multiple samples;
• Be able to identify optimized procedures to improve system understanding by identifying sources of data variation through completely randomized or block experiments;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions regarding the choice of the best empirical model to represent the experimental data obtained, based both on upstream statistical analysis and the evaluation of different possible models through statistical discrimination.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of statistical data analysis, experimental design, and data regression with linear and nonlinear models;
• Describe methodologies for data analysis, experimental design, and parameter regression of linear and nonlinear models using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the fields of data analysis, experimental design, and model parameter regression;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

MODULE II

A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• The issues related to the control of chemical processes, and how these issues can be addressed through the formulation and systematic application of mathematical models;
• The basic concepts necessary for system dynamics analysis;
• The main strategies used for chemical process control;
• The basic concepts necessary for designing the control system of a chemical process.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Develop lumped-parameter mathematical models of chemical processes through the application of conservation principles;
• Evaluate, through the analysis of the formulated mathematical models, how a process system's dynamics change with variations in operating and design parameters;
• Analyze the dynamics of a nonlinear system through the study of its linearization;
• Determine the response of a linear system to changes in input variables;
• Determine the parameters of basic control systems for chemical processes.

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the interpretation of available information in the context of chemical process analysis and control;
• Be able to identify and gather additional information to achieve greater awareness;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions, taking into account various relevant aspects of chemical process analysis and control.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of system dynamics and how the development and application of mathematical models allow the resolution of design and control issues in chemical processes;
• Describe methodologies for chemical process control using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the study of the dynamics and control of chemical processes;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

Educational objectives

The class focuses on the concepts of occupational risk caused by chemical agents. It also provides insight into occupational risks from biological and physical agents.

Educational objectives

This teaching aims to give, by frontal lessons, basic knowledge of cell structure, organization and functioning, basic knowledge of analysis of environmental microbial population, processes for industrial production of biofuels and recombinant proteins and enzymes.
Results will be the capability to identify classes of microorganisms, to evaluate the use of microorganisms for the production of compounds with industrial applications, the possibility to develop and improve production processes, the planning of production of new compounds or the development of new processes.
The oral final test and the presentation of individual research aim to develop communication skills.

Educational objectives

The course contributes to the achievement of the training objectives referred to in the Manifesto of Studies of the master’s degree in applied Geology.
In particular, the course aims to provide students with the basic knowledge related to the phenomena of contamination of soils and groundwater in order to:
a) Understand the mechanisms that govern the dispersion of contaminants in soil and groundwater based on the knowledge of the characteristics of the contaminants and of the environmental matrices of interest;
b) Select the intervention strategies for the recovery and redevelopment of contaminated sites;
c) Evaluate the adequacy of the potentially applicable solutions in the frame of the national regulatory framework
Students who have passed the examination will have known and understood (descriptor 1: acquired knowledge):
• Fundamentals on the transport phenomena of contaminants in soils and groundwater with particular reference to the chemical and physical characteristics of the contaminants and environmental matrices of interest
• Main technologies for the characterization of contaminated sites
• Fundamentals and main types of technologies applicable in the remediation of contaminated sites
• Technical / administrative procedures in the management of a contaminated site in the national regulatory context
Students have passed the examination will be able to (descriptor 2 - acquired skills)
• Set up a characterization plan for a potentially contaminated site
• Identify the most appropriate strategy in the reclamation / securing of a contaminated site
• Set up experimental activities preliminary to the selection of the best strategy / technology for the reclamation of a polluted site
During the lectures, in addition to the acquisition of the aforementioned skills , the reference to real cases of contamination, with direct interaction with the students and stimulation to provide possible solutions to the problems presented, will increase critical and judgmental skills (descriptor 3) and the ability to communicate what has been learned (descriptor 4)

Educational objectives

OBIETTIVI FORMATIVI - Inglese

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the renewable energy sources
OF 2) Knowing the main methods and electrochemical devices for energy storage
OF 3) Knowing the main methods and devices for energy conversion
OF 4) Understanding the fundamentals of electrochemistry
OF 5) Understanding materials properties in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity
OF 6) Understanding the investigation method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

B - Application skills
OF 7) Developing analysis protocols to study the electrochemical properties of functional materials in view of their application in energy conversion/storage devices
OF 8) Establishing functionality of materials in energy conversion/storage devices based on their physical-chemical properties
OF 9) Monitoring the performances of electrochemical energy conversion/storage devices

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to evaluate applicability of materials and devices in different fields of energy conversion/storage (stationar/mobile), based on data available in the literature and on the outcome of the laboratory tests performed during the course
OF 11) Being able to select the most suitable electrochemical methods for materials investigation, based on their nature and redox properties
OF 12) Being able to evaluate coherence of materials and conversion/storage devices with the requirements and targets of current energy policies, starting from the results presented by the student in the written reports on the laboratory tests

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Knowing how to communicate basics of functioning of conversion/storage devices
OF 14) Knowing how to communicate the properties of materials, with particular reference to their electrical conductivity characteristics
OF 15) Knowing how to communicate the principles of the electrochemical investigation methods, describing their basic theory with the support of equations and graphs

E - Ability to learn
OF 16) Having the ability to consult literature on materials for conversion/storage devices
OF 17) Have the ability to evaluate evaluate the adequacy of an electrochemical investigation method for studying the performance of new materials by consulting technical data sheets and information sheets

Educational objectives

Organic Synthesis is an advanced branch of knowledge in the field of Organic Chemistry, that allows to build the molecular frame of complex targets not randomly but in a focused and efficient way. Organic Synthesis represents also an area of industrial expertise, as most of synthetic targets are bioactive molecules of high added value, and sustainability in their preparation process is an up-to-date challenge.
General educational objectives of the course are: to confer knowledge of the main strategies and methodologies in organic synthesis, and to improve knowledge in preparative organic chemistry processes’ set up by lectures and class practice. As expected results of the learning path, students will be able to project the synthesis of a simple organic compound by means of logic principles, to know how to realize a modern synthesis by the Green Chemistry approach and also to describe simple organic preparative procedures.
At the end of the course (specific objectives) students will be able to: have a wider knowledge of organic chemistry and especially organic synthesis, also by way of the rational approach to modern organic synthesis, i.e. the logic of organic synthesis (lectures); to devise synthetic routes to simple organic molecules as targets, and to have a basic knowledge in the field of green synthesis (lectures); to expand their knowledge in preparative organic chemistry (lectures and class practice). They will also be able, by applying cross knowledge in organic reactions, to evaluate the best synthetic path among many (examples in lectures and class practice) and to discuss synthetic plans with the correct scientific language (questions and examples in lectures and class practice). The in-depth knowledge of organic reactions topics will give students the ability to continue studying organic chemistry on their own.

Educational objectives

The course is dedicated to the knowledge deepening on the synthesis and behavior of polymeric materials in the solid state. The course is aimed at students who have already acquired basic information on chemistry and chemical-physics of macromolecules. In particular, through the specific study on the behavior of elastomeric, viscoelastic, crystalline and electronic conductor polymers, the student acquires skills on the correlations between the chemical structure of the materials and their properties. The course is organized in such a way as to give the student the opportunity to know the theories and models that describe the key characteristics of each type of material, the deviations from the models and the real behaviors. Moreover, through examples of experimental results on polymer materials properties, obtained by various techniques, the ability to choose the most appropriate type of instrumental analysis to characterize the material in relation to its application destination is stimulated. These skills are also developed through the solicitation of critical reading, besides textbooks, of scientific publications or technical reports on the properties of polymeric materials. With the knowledge acquired, the student will have skills on the principles and criteria of use of polymeric materials, may be able to predict the behavior of materials based on the analysis of the macromolecule structure and have the possibility to hypothesize or design the materials properties in relation to possible uses. Students will be able to easily enter both in the working world of the chemical industry of polymeric materials as well as in the scientific activity of the academic world and of research centers dealing with polymers. In addition, the information provided may be used to face with greater awareness the topics of other courses of concerning the study and application of polymers.

Educational objectives

The course aims to introduce the concepts of the structure of matter and the chemical-physical methods applied to structural characterization focusing on X-ray and Neutron diffraction techniques. Different X-ray diffraction techniques will be introduced such as wide angle X-ray diffraction (EDXD and ADXD) and the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and their ability to characterize the structure over a wide spatial scale will be demonstrated (covering from interatomic distances to mesoscopic sizes).

Accurate knowledge of the theory of X-ray diffraction from an electron, an atom, a set of atoms and finally from a nanoparticle will be developed. The experimental data treatments will be explained with the aim of obtaining information on the structure of systems with different degrees of order: from disordered systems such as liquids, to crystalline and semicrystalline systems, to complex systems organized on the nanometric scale.
Furthermore, during the course the different theoretical models for the treatment of experimental data of macromolecular systems (polymers and biomolecules) will be introduced and related applications will be proposed and discussed.
Several laboratory experiments will be carried out demonstrating the ability of the X-ray diffraction technique for the structural study of disordered / complex systems. Diverse laboratory experiences will also be proposed to consolidate the theoretical knowledge and gain the practical ability to process experimental data. Through the laboratory experiences, the student will learn to collect diffraction data, will be able to process them, and, by the application of theoretical models, will extract the relevant structural parameters of the system under study.
At the end of the course, the student must have acquired skills regarding the general principles of X-ray scattering, the principles of the LAXS and SAXS experiment and the morphological properties of disordered / complex systems. The student will be able to select the most suitable experimental conditions for the study of the proposed systems, demonstrating the ability to apply the acquired skills. Furthermore, the student must know how to argue and defend the chosen options. He will have competence in extracting structural features of complex systems, such as polymer solutions, biomacromolecules solutions and complex fluids. At the end of the course the student must demonstrate the ability to frame the problem in the right context and to select the theoretical models best suited to its qualitative and quantitative resolution.
The final test will also evaluate the ability of analysis, synthesis and logical consistency in oral presentation and the ability of the student to communicate in an appropriate language at the level corresponding to Laurea Magistrale.

During the course the student will be proposed with scientific reports published in international journals together with the reference texts for further information that will be discussed in the classroom. This approach should favor the ability to learn and the habit of selecting various bibliographic sources, in Italian and in English. It should also stimulate the need for continuous updating, depending, for example, on the development of the Master's degree thesis or research doctorate. Furthermore students will be stimulated to propose selected systems, in order to apply the acquired techniques and correspondingly rationalise the relationship between microscopic features and macroscopic functionality.

Educational objectives

The educational objective of this course is to provide the student with adequate knowledge of the fundamental concepts of the chemistry of advanced materials applied to the environmental, agro-food, energy, biotechnological and cultural heritage sectors.

In fact, materials are at the heart of industrial innovation and represent indispensable factors for industrial competitiveness and sustainable development. One of the most important objectives is to develop advanced materials with new functions and better performance in use, for more competitive and safer products that allow the impact on the environment and the consumption of resources to be reduced to a minimum.

Educational objectives

MODULE I
A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• Basic knowledge of statistical inference for data analysis (confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and analysis of variance);
• Basic knowledge of experimental design and related statistical analysis (factorial experiments and randomized block experiments for comparing two samples);
• Basic knowledge of linear (univariate and multivariate) and nonlinear regression analysis.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Apply techniques for experiment planning and related statistical data analysis;
• Perform linear and nonlinear regression of experimental data and the corresponding statistical analysis;
• Use data analysis and regression tools available in commonly used software (e.g., Excel), as well as in specialized technical software for experiment design and data analysis (e.g., JMP).

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the objective interpretation of available experimental data in relation to the comparison of samples with reference values, two samples, or multiple samples;
• Be able to identify optimized procedures to improve system understanding by identifying sources of data variation through completely randomized or block experiments;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions regarding the choice of the best empirical model to represent the experimental data obtained, based both on upstream statistical analysis and the evaluation of different possible models through statistical discrimination.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of statistical data analysis, experimental design, and data regression with linear and nonlinear models;
• Describe methodologies for data analysis, experimental design, and parameter regression of linear and nonlinear models using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the fields of data analysis, experimental design, and model parameter regression;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

MODULE II

A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• The issues related to the control of chemical processes, and how these issues can be addressed through the formulation and systematic application of mathematical models;
• The basic concepts necessary for system dynamics analysis;
• The main strategies used for chemical process control;
• The basic concepts necessary for designing the control system of a chemical process.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Develop lumped-parameter mathematical models of chemical processes through the application of conservation principles;
• Evaluate, through the analysis of the formulated mathematical models, how a process system's dynamics change with variations in operating and design parameters;
• Analyze the dynamics of a nonlinear system through the study of its linearization;
• Determine the response of a linear system to changes in input variables;
• Determine the parameters of basic control systems for chemical processes.

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the interpretation of available information in the context of chemical process analysis and control;
• Be able to identify and gather additional information to achieve greater awareness;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions, taking into account various relevant aspects of chemical process analysis and control.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of system dynamics and how the development and application of mathematical models allow the resolution of design and control issues in chemical processes;
• Describe methodologies for chemical process control using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the study of the dynamics and control of chemical processes;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

Educational objectives

The student will be guided to understand the molecules, polymers and the most important materials used in the biomedical field. It will have to know how to relate the main chemico-physical and structural properties of the biomaterials with the functions carried out in the organism in relation to the mechanisms of interaction with the organism itself. He will learn the most important properties and uses of metals, ceramics and biopolymers, in particular polypepetides and polysaccharides, of biomedical interest.
For a specific biomedical task, it will have to be able to identify the most suitable combination of biomaterials to solve the problem.
The student will develop critical and judgmental skills through the discussion in the classroom of the topics covered during the lectures.
These objectives will be achieved by means of frontal lessons, watching scientific videos and reading advanced bibliographic material (reviews, examples of patents, etc.).
They could apply their knowledge and understanding, and problem solving abilities in new or unfamiliar environments within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to biomaterials.
At the end of the course, with the knowledge acquired, the student, together with other professionals such as doctors, biologists and engineers, will be able to propose and develop ideas for the design of a new biomedical device.
The ability to communicate what has been learned clearly, fully and rationally motivating what is reported, will be evaluated through an oral exam.
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the ability to continue the study in a highly autonomous way on any topic, even advanced, which concern biomaterials and biopolymers

Educational objectives

The course is organized in such a way as to provide the master's degree students with in-depth information on some experimental techniques used for the characterization of polymeric materials. Through the analysis of the acquired results the correlations between the observed properties and the structure of the materials and their fields of application will be highlighted.
In particular, the course describes topics relating to surface tension of polymer solids, dynamo-mechanical analysis, kinetics of crystallization, applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the characterization of polymers and the electrical properties of insulating and conducting polymers. For each topic covered, the course is developed in three phases.
In the first one, the physical and chemical quantities measured by the instrumental technique, the theories that describe the analyzed phenomena, the correlations between the chemical structure of the materials and their behaviour will be analysed in detail.
In the second phase, the instrumentation and the experimental procedures to be used in relation to the information to be acquired will be described. The used procedures will be compared with those proposed, if existing, by international regulations.
In the third phase, the experimental tests will be carried out and data will be acquired for the subsequent elaborations. The results obtained will be analyzed according to the theories described in the first phase.
The student will be able to manage the used instrumentation. Moreover, he will acquire the appropriate awareness to analyze which experimental and instrumental parameters are important to carry out characterization tests, also by employing techniques not used in the course. The importance dedicated to the analysis and processing of experimental data is aimed at acquiring the ability to critically apply mathematical models able to describe and, therefore, predict the behavior of materials, even in conditions not directly examined. The achievement of this objective is obtained through group work, drafting of written technical reports, the presentation of the results achieved and numerical exercises on macromolecular problems.

Educational objectives

The objectives of the course are the acquisition of knowledge on the main processes for the formulation of plastic materials for commercial use, on the technological processes of transformation of polymers, as well as on the development of high performance composite materials and on the recycling of plastics.
At the end of the course the students will acquire an advanced knowledge of the physico-chemical principles that regulate the transformation and formulation processes of polymeric materials. The course will provide students with a solid preparation in the field of traditional technologies of processing polymeric materials and their recycling as well as with the ability to conceive, plan, and design new materials or combinations of materials in order to redefine and/or extend the sectors of application of traditional polymeric materials.

The laboratory course will allow students to acquire knowledge on the main instruments suitable for the characterization of polymeric and composite materials. This knowledge will allow students to acquire skills in the choice and implementation of materials according to the particular conditions of use. Reports on the laboratory experiences will be drawn up and discussed in class in order to develop critical skills essential for the elaboration of solutions to potential industrial problems. In this regard, to promote the comprehension of industrial issues, one or two thematic seminars will be organized through the invitation of experts from the specific industrial area.
The knowledge of the specific terminology of the discipline and the ability to understand the topic also in English will be developed through the use of texts and teaching materials both in Italian and in English. Finally, the ability to communicate what has been learned will be developed through the preparation of reports and oral examination.

Educational objectives

This course offers an introduction to the Spectroscopic Methods used for the study of chemical and macromolecular systems. The different spectroscopic techniques such as rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance will be described starting from the quantum mechanical principles of the reference models. The most significant applications for the characterization of chemical and macromolecular systems will then be considered.

The aim of the course is to provide the student with a theoretical and practical knowledge of the physical basis of the most widely used spectroscopic techniques and their range of applications to the study of chemical and macromolecular systems

Educational objectives

In accordance to the first two Dublin descriptors, at the end of the course the student will have understood the following concepts:

a) meaning of conducting polymer and doping phenomena in semiconducting polymers;

b) principles of synthesis and characterization of conducting polymers;

c) materials science at the basis of the choice of specific polymers as active materials of devices for electrochemistry, optics, electronics and sensors

The student will use the concepts grasped during the course of Physical Chemistry of the Solid State and Nanostructured Materials to prepare and characterize polymeric materials with different properties of electrical conduction. The course has also the finality of developing the communication skills of the student (fourth Dublin descriptor). This is realized through questions during classes and in the final exam.

Educational objectives

Organic Synthesis is an advanced branch of knowledge in the field of Organic Chemistry, that allows to build the molecular frame of complex targets not randomly but in a focused and efficient way. Organic Synthesis represents also an area of industrial expertise, as most of synthetic targets are bioactive molecules of high added value, and sustainability in their preparation process is an up-to-date challenge.
General educational objectives of the course are: to confer knowledge of the main strategies and methodologies in organic synthesis, and to improve knowledge in preparative organic chemistry processes’ set up by lectures and class practice. As expected results of the learning path, students will be able to project the synthesis of a simple organic compound by means of logic principles, to know how to realize a modern synthesis by the Green Chemistry approach and also to describe simple organic preparative procedures.
At the end of the course (specific objectives) students will be able to: have a wider knowledge of organic chemistry and especially organic synthesis, also by way of the rational approach to modern organic synthesis, i.e. the logic of organic synthesis (lectures); to devise synthetic routes to simple organic molecules as targets, and to have a basic knowledge in the field of green synthesis (lectures); to expand their knowledge in preparative organic chemistry (lectures and class practice). They will also be able, by applying cross knowledge in organic reactions, to evaluate the best synthetic path among many (examples in lectures and class practice) and to discuss synthetic plans with the correct scientific language (questions and examples in lectures and class practice). The in-depth knowledge of organic reactions topics will give students the ability to continue studying organic chemistry on their own.

Educational objectives

The course is dedicated to the knowledge deepening on the synthesis and behavior of polymeric materials in the solid state. The course is aimed at students who have already acquired basic information on chemistry and chemical-physics of macromolecules. In particular, through the specific study on the behavior of elastomeric, viscoelastic, crystalline and electronic conductor polymers, the student acquires skills on the correlations between the chemical structure of the materials and their properties. The course is organized in such a way as to give the student the opportunity to know the theories and models that describe the key characteristics of each type of material, the deviations from the models and the real behaviors. Moreover, through examples of experimental results on polymer materials properties, obtained by various techniques, the ability to choose the most appropriate type of instrumental analysis to characterize the material in relation to its application destination is stimulated. These skills are also developed through the solicitation of critical reading, besides textbooks, of scientific publications or technical reports on the properties of polymeric materials. With the knowledge acquired, the student will have skills on the principles and criteria of use of polymeric materials, may be able to predict the behavior of materials based on the analysis of the macromolecule structure and have the possibility to hypothesize or design the materials properties in relation to possible uses. Students will be able to easily enter both in the working world of the chemical industry of polymeric materials as well as in the scientific activity of the academic world and of research centers dealing with polymers. In addition, the information provided may be used to face with greater awareness the topics of other courses of concerning the study and application of polymers.

Educational objectives

This teaching aims to give, by frontal lessons, basic knowledge of cell structure, organization and functioning, basic knowledge of microbial cultivation and of the principal large-scale fermentative processes for the synthesis of chemicals, enzymes and biomass.
Results will be the capability to evaluate the use of microrganisms for the production of compounds with industrial applications, the possibility to develop and improve production processes, the planning of production of new compounds or the development of new processes.
The oral final test aims to develop communication skills.
 

Educational objectives

The educational objective of this course is to provide the student with adequate knowledge of the fundamental concepts of the chemistry of advanced materials applied to the environmental, agro-food, energy, biotechnological and cultural heritage sectors.

In fact, materials are at the heart of industrial innovation and represent indispensable factors for industrial competitiveness and sustainable development. One of the most important objectives is to develop advanced materials with new functions and better performance in use, for more competitive and safer products that allow the impact on the environment and the consumption of resources to be reduced to a minimum.

Educational objectives

MODULE I
A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• Basic knowledge of statistical inference for data analysis (confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and analysis of variance);
• Basic knowledge of experimental design and related statistical analysis (factorial experiments and randomized block experiments for comparing two samples);
• Basic knowledge of linear (univariate and multivariate) and nonlinear regression analysis.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Apply techniques for experiment planning and related statistical data analysis;
• Perform linear and nonlinear regression of experimental data and the corresponding statistical analysis;
• Use data analysis and regression tools available in commonly used software (e.g., Excel), as well as in specialized technical software for experiment design and data analysis (e.g., JMP).

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the objective interpretation of available experimental data in relation to the comparison of samples with reference values, two samples, or multiple samples;
• Be able to identify optimized procedures to improve system understanding by identifying sources of data variation through completely randomized or block experiments;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions regarding the choice of the best empirical model to represent the experimental data obtained, based both on upstream statistical analysis and the evaluation of different possible models through statistical discrimination.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of statistical data analysis, experimental design, and data regression with linear and nonlinear models;
• Describe methodologies for data analysis, experimental design, and parameter regression of linear and nonlinear models using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the fields of data analysis, experimental design, and model parameter regression;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

MODULE II

A – Knowledge and Understanding
Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge):
• The issues related to the control of chemical processes, and how these issues can be addressed through the formulation and systematic application of mathematical models;
• The basic concepts necessary for system dynamics analysis;
• The main strategies used for chemical process control;
• The basic concepts necessary for designing the control system of a chemical process.

B – Applied Skills
Students who have passed the exam will be able to:
• Develop lumped-parameter mathematical models of chemical processes through the application of conservation principles;
• Evaluate, through the analysis of the formulated mathematical models, how a process system's dynamics change with variations in operating and design parameters;
• Analyze the dynamics of a nonlinear system through the study of its linearization;
• Determine the response of a linear system to changes in input variables;
• Determine the parameters of basic control systems for chemical processes.

C – Independent Judgment
• Be able to formulate their own assessment and/or judgment based on the interpretation of available information in the context of chemical process analysis and control;
• Be able to identify and gather additional information to achieve greater awareness;
• Have the practical ability to take initiatives and make decisions, taking into account various relevant aspects of chemical process analysis and control.

D – Communication Skills
• Be able to explain to non-experts the basic concepts of system dynamics and how the development and application of mathematical models allow the resolution of design and control issues in chemical processes;
• Describe methodologies for chemical process control using technically accurate language.

E – Learning Ability
• Possess the learning skills necessary for continuous improvement in the study of the dynamics and control of chemical processes;
• Be able to draw from various bibliographic sources, both in Italian and in English, to acquire new competencies.

Educational objectives

The student will be guided to understand the molecules, polymers and the most important materials used in the biomedical field. It will have to know how to relate the main chemico-physical and structural properties of the biomaterials with the functions carried out in the organism in relation to the mechanisms of interaction with the organism itself. He will learn the most important properties and uses of metals, ceramics and biopolymers, in particular polypepetides and polysaccharides, of biomedical interest.
For a specific biomedical task, it will have to be able to identify the most suitable combination of biomaterials to solve the problem.
The student will develop critical and judgmental skills through the discussion in the classroom of the topics covered during the lectures.
These objectives will be achieved by means of frontal lessons, watching scientific videos and reading advanced bibliographic material (reviews, examples of patents, etc.).
They could apply their knowledge and understanding, and problem solving abilities in new or unfamiliar environments within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to biomaterials.
At the end of the course, with the knowledge acquired, the student, together with other professionals such as doctors, biologists and engineers, will be able to propose and develop ideas for the design of a new biomedical device.
The ability to communicate what has been learned clearly, fully and rationally motivating what is reported, will be evaluated through an oral exam.
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the ability to continue the study in a highly autonomous way on any topic, even advanced, which concern biomaterials and biopolymers

Educational objectives

The course offers an updated overview of the main and modern techniques for manufacturing biomaterials for tissue engineering. Some of them, including 3D printing, microfluidics and laser stereolithography, represent some of the most advanced techniques currently available. Students will have the opportunity to learn the technological bases of these techniques that are revolutionizing both scientific research and industrial production. In this way they will acquire an awareness capable of directing their training and professional choices towards those leading sectors that offer considerable scientific, economic and occupational perspectives.
This more advanced part of the course cannot be separated from a good basic knowledge of the main techniques for the characterization of biopolymers in solution which represents the starting point for the synthesis of biomaterials. Therefore, a relevant part of the course concerns the theoretical-practical description of some of the experimental techniques that allow the determination of the molecular weight, the rheological characterization of solutions and gels and the conformational properties of biopolymers.
Students are asked to elaborate, present the experimental data and comment them critically by drafting a report. This is a very useful exercise for students who are about to face the internship period at the end of which the presentation of a thesis is expected and in general for their professional career.

Educational objectives

The teaching of Industrial Biotransformation aims to provide the student with fundamental specialist knowledge related to the production, separation and purification of products of industrial biotechnological interest using innovative methodologies and strategies of biotechnological synthesis highlighting problems and advantages from industrial point of view. The main objective of the course will be therefore to provide the tools to fully understand the concepts of sustainable development and industrial sustainability and the role of biotechnology in the sustainability of industrial processes.
Lectures are developed starting from the study of the market of industrial enzymes and its characteristics, the new tools for obtaining new enzymatic activities, up to the analysis of some examples of biotechnological applications of industrial production with isolated enzymes (detergent industry, starch, bioethanol, textile industry, food industry (animal and human nutrition) and fine chemicals, followed by topics typical of industrial bioproductions (the cell as a cellular factory) up to the production of proteins and metabolites of industrial interest. The knowledge acquired in this teaching constitutes a framework of reference for subsequent competences, understood in their broadest meaning.

Students who have passed the exam will be able to know and understand (acquired knowledge)
- The structure-performance relationships of biological catalysts and their main technological applications.
- the main biotechnological transformations and their importance from an industrial point of view.
- the main bioseparation and purification techniques of biotechnological products
- the most recent literature developments in the field of industrial biotechnology
- aspects related to the study of the main and current applications of isolated (or immobilized) enzymes and of whole cells in industrial production

Students who have passed the exam will be able to (skills and skills acquired):
- critically interpret the influence of the reaction conditions on the structure and activity (enantio and regioselectivity) of biological catalysts
- understand the connection with the other cultural areas of the CdS, in particular the aspects of analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and physical chemistry.
- develop the ability to communicate what has been learned, through oral examination tests.
- ability to develop independent study through the indication of accessible sources of updating.

Educational objectives

Educational objectives

Bioactive organic molecules belong to a wide, structurally various group of compounds, featuring high added value and interesting industrial potential applications. The main groups of bioactive natural products will be illustrated, together with some important synthetic derivatives and analogues. Modern synthetic methodologies for the obtaining of biocative products will be also described.
General educational objectives of the course are: to confer knowledge of the main biosynthetic routes leading to the various classes of bioactive compounds, to study the bioactivity features of a selection of important natural products. At the end of the course (specific objectives) students will be able to: have a wider knowledge of metabolic pathways from which bioactive organic products come from in nature; have a general knowledge of structure activity relationship (SAR) applied to bioactive and pharmacological active organic compounds.
As expected results of the learning path, students will be able to describe metabolic pathways leading to bioactive compounds and to relate bioactivities to functional groups and chemical structures; to expand their knowledge in the field of modern synthetic methodologies applied to the preparation of bioactive molecules; to improve their expertise in correct scientific communication.

Educational objectives

Recognize the different components of a sensor

Understanding the origin of the selectivity of sensors and biosensors

Define the various transduction systems

Know the characteristics of the different biological components of biosensors

Demonstrate the characteristics of sensor manufacturing systems

Interpret the role played by nanomaterials in the functioning of sensors

Distinguish the performances and applications of the various types of transducer

Evaluate the possibilities of coupling sensitive element / transducer

Design the construction of a sensor or biosensor for a specific analytical application