Political Sciences and International Security

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to fournish to the students the main theoretical and empirical tools to compare two or more cases. In particular, the course is organized as to offer to the students the main concepts in the field and to acquire the ability to analyze "cases study", such as institutions, electoral systems, the party systems, and political parties, etc. After completing the course the student understands the logic of the specific operation of the two models of democracy (majoritarian and consensual) and the three main forms of government; knows the main institutional features and policies of the various systems of government in Europe and the USA, with particular reference to political parties and party systems, and the diffrences related to the foreign policy; S/he is able to master the problems related to the comparison of different systems of government. Moreover, the goal is to provide both theoretical and empirical skills useful to write a brief essay, as crucial for students' further activities, both in academia and in their professional career.

Educational objectives

The course aims to analyze, from a politological standpoint, the metamorphosis in perspective of the main political paradigms that interface the West with the rest of the world. In particular, we focus on the relationship between liberal-democratic models and autocratic models. Central to the course is the analysis of discourse in politics, according to the method of polytolinguistics. At the end of the course, students will have the methodological tools to analyze the complex relationship between language and politics, to understand the changes of our time.

Educational objectives

General Learning Objectives
The course aims to provide students with a solid theoretical and applied foundation in the economic analysis of collective phenomena on an international scale. The overarching goal is to develop a critical and interdisciplinary understanding of issues related to global security, cooperation, and collective governance, using tools from microeconomic theory, game theory, and social choice theory.

Specific Learning Objectives. In particular, the course aims to:
Apply concepts from microeconomic theory and game theory to the analysis of conflicts, military alliances, global externalities, and collective decision-making.
Analyze political regimes (democracies, autocracies, dictatorships) and institutional transition processes using economic models.
Develop the ability to model international problems from a strategic perspective.
Strengthen analytical and critical skills for evaluating public policies in complex international contexts.
Prepare students to contribute to knowledge production, effectively communicate analytical results, and actively participate in the global governance debate.

Educational objectives

The maritime dimension of power presents geopolitical features strongly divergent from the prevailing model on the mainland. The conquest of the territories is counterposed to the control of the neuralgic points within which the marine traffic is carried out. Due to these simple differences there have been held completely divergent political and social systems, that experienced for centuries the contrast between thalassocratic powers (United States, Great Britain) and continental powers (Germany, Russia).
The purpose of the course will be the explanation of the power dynamics affecting the sea in its various aspects: economic, political and military.
Firstly, it will explore the thought of Alfred Thayer Mahan, the most fruitful among the geopolitical scholars of the sea.
Subsequently, the main political issues that arise within the sea will be discussed, focusing on the control of the access points (or bottlenecks) and the ways of struggle and succeed of power interests.
Finally, the course will deepen the doctrines and strategic concepts that characterise the use of military naval force in the 21st century in order to grasp its relationship with political power.

Educational objectives

To provide an advanced knowledge of European Union Law, studying the actions that the Union can take in each of its areas of competence. In particular, as it is part of the Jean Monnet Chair 'Digital Rights Empowerment Across Markets in the European Union', it will address issues relating to new technologies and the digital single market.
This programme complements the basic knowledge acquired during the Bachelor degree, which covered issues relating to the nature and functioning of the Union.

Educational objectives

The course will provide in-depth knowledge of the Italian and comparative perspective on the role of parliaments in relation to governments in the evolution of constitutionalism with reference to the systems of parliaments, the organization and parliamentary functions, in particular legislative and control. The course will also provide in-depth knowledge of the relationship between national parliaments and the European Union.
These are very important contents that can provide the student with useful knowledge to develop specific competences on the different systems in a comparative perspective and to develop those skills necessary to understand complex realities in order to apply this knowledge in the working field.
This course fits perfectly within the specific objectives of the programme of course in Political Sciences as it allows an in-depth knowledge and an adequate understanding of the legal (and political) elements of the organisation of parliaments and governments and it also allows to develop an autonomous capacity to analyze the institutional dynamics in a comparative dimension.
What is more, in order to apply themselves to the acquired knowledge and to implement their judgement autonomy, students will work through practices and / or work group on specific topics covered by the course.
This will allow students to develop the skills to communicate what they have learned in frontal lessons even in a working context or just to continue for further studies.(Doctorate, Master, etc.).
Finally, the verification of the achievement of the knowledge and skills described will be achieved not only through the traditional final examination but also in the continuous and progressive monitoring of learning outcomes by means of oral intermediate tests.

Educational objectives

The course aims to stress the usefulness of historical viewpoint in order to improve
abilities in analyzing and interpreting political phenomena, sharpening the tools fit to
criticize sources and recognize specific issues within current historiographical debate.
Autonomy of judgement: ability to interpret critically data and problems, which are typical
of the contemporary history and ability to reflect upon its main topics, formulating,
informed judgments. Communication skills: ability to communicate, using the
appropriate terminology, information and problems concerning the field of history to
specialist and non specialist audiences.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide a deep knowledge of the history of political movements and parties in Europe and Italy and its relationship with the main international political processes from the end of the Ancien Regime to nowdays political context. The issues of genesis and evolution of parties, of their connection with the other political players, of their institutional role and their relationship with the society will be highlighted.
At the end of the course students will be able to analyze the main issues of the modern political system and the role played by the parties in it.
The contemporary party-form will be studied in perspective, looking at its future evolution both in its political and social dimension. Thanks to this approach, the keyconcepts of the course could be applied to other scientific contexts of the Study programme and used to develop researches.
Student's critical skills will be trained by daily dialogue with the professor, use of different research materials and by a term paper on books regarding course main issues. This paper lets students the possibility to enlarge their perception of the issues connected with the course and to verify their analysis' skills reflecting on the possible implication of these arguments in relation with the main focuses of the program.
At the end of the lessons students will make final dissertation on their term papers in front of the classroom. In this workshop they could confront their opinions and points of view with their classmates.
In this way the course aims to assess and strength students' analytical skills and exposition in teamwork and, at the same time, their daily use outside learning context.

Educational objectives

Provide the theoretical foundations and essential tools of data science and exploratory statistical analysis for political decision-making.
Specifically:

Knowledge and Understanding
• Informational paradigm (information, knowledge, decision-making)
• Data science and exploratory statistical analysis
• Data matrix and data pre-processing
• Proximity matrix
• Covariance matrix and correlation matrix
• Cluster Analysis
• Principal Component Analysis
• Data-driven democracy
• Measuring democracy
• Indicators related to the democratic process

Applying Knowledge and Understanding
• Ability to select and apply the learned statistical methodologies to political processes and decisions

Autonomy of Judgment
• Independent ability to collect, process, and interpret data and results

Communication Skills
• Ability to clearly present the results of statistical analyses

Learning Skills
• Ability to independently learn new statistical techniques

Educational objectives

Provide a conceptual overview of the cybersecurity landscape: threats, actors, tools, international regulations, and governance. Develop critical digital literacy: understand fundamental risks and protections (know how to assess vulnerabilities and countermeasures). Enable students to engage with technical experts, evaluate policies, strategies, and scenarios, and make informed decisions on cybersecurity issues within the context of international affairs and public policy. Practice analyzing real-world cases: actual attacks, cyber geopolitics, regulation, and emerging scenarios.Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide an introduction to the main critical theories of law, reconstructing their theoretical foundations and their relationship with contemporary legal positivism and American legal realism.
The course examines the principal strands of critical legal theories (Critical Race Theory, feminist legal theories, queer theory, postcolonial studies, migration studies, disability studies), highlighting the critique of the neutrality of the legal subject and its entanglement with power relations, social structures, and dynamics of exclusion.

Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of the main critical legal theories and their theoretical foundations, as well as their relationship with legal positivism and American legal realism.
Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to analyse legal phenomena through critical approaches, identifying the role of power, social structures, and exclusion.
Making judgements: development of critical and independent evaluations of the supposed neutrality of law and the legal subject.
Communication skills: ability to clearly present and discuss critical perspectives on law using appropriate terminology.
Learning skills: capacity for independent study and for engaging with interdisciplinary and evolving critical legal debates.

Educational objectives

The course aims to offer students the knowledge of the main theories on political communication, mass-communication and political/social actors communication's strategies. In addition, special attention will be paid to some issues, such as political communication effects, campagin's strategies and the evolution of political communication throughout online tools (such as social networks and blogs).
Communication skills and the ability to elaborate analysis and judgments on the issues addressed will also be stimulated through active participation in open discussions with external guests and by gathering and discussing empirical case-studies.
Through these opportunities, the course aims to offer theoretical and empirical tools for the analysis of the political communication processes and the relationships among media, political and social actors.

Educational objectives

In the final evaluation students will have to prove that have proper knowledge and abilities, so that they could produce information on the democratic citizenship phenomenon and elaborate critical reflections and operational strategies to be used in a professional environment.

Educational objectives

According to the Dublin Descriptors, at the end of the course students will have to- demonstrate knowledge and comprehension skills in French which reinforce those of the first cycle and enable them to develop original ideas, particularly in a research context;- be capable of solving problems in new or unfamiliar areas, set in broader or interdisciplinary contexts, related to French;- integrate knowledge of French and manage the complexity of French usage; make judgements even in the presence of limited information; reflect on the social and ethical responsibilities associated with the application of certain knowledge and judgements;- communicate knowledge in and about French, knowing how to explain the processes that led to their acquisition to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors;- To study the French language autonomously and independently. Being able to devise and develop a project in or on the French language and to complete it within the deadline set.

Educational objectives

The course objective is twofold: on the one hand it aims to consolidate and increase basic English language skills through listening practices, oral and written production and reading. On the other hand, the course intends to equip students with appropriate critical tools for the metalinguistic analysis of specific textual typologies typical of political communication conveyed through traditional and 'social' media.
The monographic course is accompanied by lettorati, a set of language activities delivered by CEL teachers and will be focused on consolidating English syntax, phonetics, and pragmatics.

Educational objectives

The course aims to offer students an advanced knowledge of Spanish language and linguistics. It will provide them the theoretical and empirical tools to deepen, even independently, the study of Spanish and the analysis of texts and discourses for specific purposes.

Specific objectives:
The monographic course, taught by the professor, intends to stimulate the ability to apply linguistic knowledge to the analysis of specific communication contexts and fields, namely the political one. These topics will be introduced through a variety of materials and oral and written documents in the FL to strengthen communication skills and stimulate metalinguistic reflection and individual analysis.
Exchange and active participation will also be favored through moments of confrontation with external guests.

Educational objectives

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor "Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Violet Schlossarek is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Antje Ingeborg Wolf is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the basic knowledge for the analysis and understanding of the evolution of the international political system since the 1840s, focusing on colonialism, decolonization, and globalization. Through the study of these topics students will be able to acquire the knowledge and the interpretative skills necessary to understand the main dynamics of history of international relations and the globalization process. The inclusion of on-going audits in the form of short presentations and discussions by the students will also provide the necessary critical elements and a concrete capacity for analysis.

Educational objectives

This course aims to provide a solid and critic knowledge of the background and evolution of Italian Foreign Policy from the 19th century.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide in-depth knowledge for comprehension of the basic concepts of italian parliamentary law and therefore the programme will focus on the following main themes: autonomy of parliamentary law; parliamentary sources and parliamentary acts; "status" of the Members of Parliament; organization of parliamentary Houses; legislative procedures; prescription, control and information; the Houses join sittings.
This course fits perfectly within the specific objectives of the Programme of Study in Political Science as it allows an in-depth knowledge and an adequate understanding of the legal (and political) elements of political and parliamentary life of Italy and it also allows to develop a specific ability to analyze the dynamics of functioning of the italian parliament.
An another class aim is to promote at the same time the devolepment of a cultural sensibility towards parliamentary democracy.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the effectiveness of administrative law. To this end, it is essential to acquire knowledge of the catalogue of rights available to citizens, the organization of public authorities, and the prevailing organizational models through which public functions are carried out, taking into account all levels of government involved.
The study is designed to enable students to understand both the challenges and the resources that affect the effective exercise of citizens’ rights, whether exercised individually or collectively through associations and other forms of organized participation.

Educational objectives

The course aims to analyze the interconnections between changing employment and the welfare system, which is increasingly exposed to sustainability, economic, and social problems, also in light of ongoing demographic changes. More particularly, the course is aimed at providing female and male students with a solid background in social security, which makes it possible to orient themselves critically with regard to the issues connected with its equity and sustainability, with reference to both the national and European legal systems. Particular attention will be paid to the diachronic reconstruction of the regulatory innovations that have occurred in the pension sector, in order to understand the reasons underlying the time-by-time choices adopted by the legislator and outline possible future scenarios. The same path will be followed with regard to the regulatory framework for social safety nets and tools to combat poverty and social exclusion, as well as the growing development of the role of private entities in managing welfare policies.

Educational objectives

The course provides knowledge of federal theories and institutions from the eighteenth century to the present, orienting the student to the knowledge of a mode of formation of the modern state and international relations built on the ideal of peace. Particular attention is also given to the relationship between local authorities and central government in function of a greater responsibility of political participation.

Educational objectives

The course Security and International Politics (SPI) pursues four essential learning objectives:

- To provide students with the basic terminology and key concepts of the discipline of International Relations (IR), which are essential tools for understanding international politics and the security dynamics that are its defining feature;

- To develop a non-idiographic approach to the study of international political phenomena, along with the ability to formulate, test, and evaluate research hypotheses;

- To introduce the core assumptions of the major theoretical traditions in International Relations - realism, liberalism, the English School, constructivism, and Marxism - so that, by the end of the course, each student will be able to adopt a theoretical framework for interpreting security dynamics at the international level.

Educational objectives

Acquiring a full command of the fundamental concepts of the discipline, developing significant argumentative and critical skills.

Educational objectives

The course aims to deepen the legal profiles of public security in the constitutional systems in the Italian and comparative perspective. The course aims to provide the student with in-depth knowledge on Constitutions and public security through the analysis of the transformations of security concept and the analysis of some declinations of security such as the power of war, the state of emergency, state secrecy and intelligence services in Italy and in some systems of pluralist democracy as France, Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom, Spain, United States. The issues of cyber security and the common defence of Europe will also be examined.
The analysis will focus on constitutional, legislative, and sub-legislative regulations between theory and practice, on the evolution of case law, on the theme of balancing security, rights, and the rule of law.
This perspective will make it possible to understand the multiple dimensions of security.These are very important areas that can provide the student with useful knowledge to develop specific skills in the field of security studies at national and international level and those skills necessary to understand the dynamics in these sectors in their complexity with the possibility of applying this knowledge in a working context.
This course therefore fits perfectly into the specific objectives of the Course in International Relations Lm-52 (Curriculum b: International relations and global security) as it allows a thorough knowledge and an adequate understanding of the legal aspects of the security of States closely connected and allows to develop autonomous critical analysis skills.
What is more, in order to apply themselves to the acquired knowledge and to implement their judgement autonomy, students will work through practices and / or individual or work group on specific topics covered by the course.
This will allow students to develop the skills to communicate what they have learned in frontal lessons even in a working context or just to continue for further studies(Doctorate, Master, etc.).
Finally, the verification of the achievement of the knowledge and skills described will be achieved not only through the traditional final examination but also in the continuous and progressive monitoring of learning outcomes by means of oral intermediate tests.

Educational objectives

The Course aims to give the students the necessary knowledge and skills regarding the role of international law and of the international organizations in the field of health protection at global level, with a particular reference to the World Health Organization and United Nations. The Course will pursue several learning outcomes strongly interconnected, such as: the knowledge of the sources and institutes of health international law; the knowledge of international institutions active in this field and the critical exam of their role and of non-State players; the critical analysis of the relationship between the protection of health and some sectorial field of the international legal order (international commerce and intellectual property; protection of the international security; humanitarian crisis); the ability to use this knowledge to develop a more aware and critical approach to international governance of the health emergencies, individually and by work group.

Educational objectives

Learning capacity to analyze European and Western history of political culture, focussing on the idea of progress, civilization and colonialism, and its racist roots, and also the relationship with “otherness” as the necessary elements to understand contemporary world, its global relations, the principles underlying contact between people and human beings, and the forms of international cooperation.

Educational objectives

The course of Religions and Politics in the Contemporary Age aims to deepen the knowledge of some forms through which religions, and Christianity in particular, have characterized their presence in different geographical and political scenarios, in European and extra-European contexts, placing attention also to the development of the systems of relations with other religious traditions.

Educational objectives

The aim is to provide spatial interpretative tools useful for understanding the action of
subjects operating in the field of infrastructure planning, management of their security and the analysis of their critical factors, in order to allow us to grasp the complexity and interrelations between the various geopolitical and geo-economic phenomena in the dynamics related to infrastructural security . The theoretical framework will be applied to concrete cases of instability and risk at the different scales of analysis.
The student will learn the fundamental categories of economic geopolitics in order to enhance the importance of resources, critical infrastructures and territorial capital in development processes.

At the end of the course the student is expected to be able to apply the categories of geopolitics-economic to the study of the international reality, in order to understand crisis and development factors both at local and regional level.

Once sufficient familiarity has been achieved, the student will be able to independently assess the territorial impact of infrastructural structures, including those relating to cyber space, energy and raw materials, and to understand their development projects, and the associated risk factors for country systems.

Educational objectives

General Learning Objectives
The course aims to provide students with a solid theoretical and applied foundation in the economic analysis of collective phenomena on an international scale. The overarching goal is to develop a critical and interdisciplinary understanding of issues related to global security, cooperation, and collective governance, using tools from microeconomic theory, game theory, and social choice theory.

Specific Learning Objectives. In particular, the course aims to:
Apply concepts from microeconomic theory and game theory to the analysis of conflicts, military alliances, global externalities, and collective decision-making.
Analyze political regimes (democracies, autocracies, dictatorships) and institutional transition processes using economic models.
Develop the ability to model international problems from a strategic perspective.
Strengthen analytical and critical skills for evaluating public policies in complex international contexts.
Prepare students to contribute to knowledge production, effectively communicate analytical results, and actively participate in the global governance debate.

Educational objectives

The aim of the Course is to develop skills and understanding of the international system to combat climate change, framed within the international and national legal framework on environmental protection, to train people capable of interacting in the field of study, research, and professional activities on the main topics related to this discipline. In addition, the Course aims to provide the methodology for applying knowledge of international environmental law to analyze contemporary global legal dynamics.

Educational objectives

The rapid development of ICT and the advancement of Artificial Intelligence have driven novel changes in individual and social life, requiring a rethinking of the foundational ideas and tenets of Legal Systems as carved by European Tradition. The course aims to investigate the digital revolution's complex legal impact on Private Law.
The course will provide an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Private Law, facing both sides of the Digital challenge: opportunities and risks for individuals’ interests and the Information Society as a whole.

Educational objectives

According to the Dublin Descriptors, at the end of the course students will have to- demonstrate knowledge and comprehension skills in French which reinforce those of the first cycle and enable them to develop original ideas, particularly in a research context;- be capable of solving problems in new or unfamiliar areas, set in broader or interdisciplinary contexts, related to French;- integrate knowledge of French and manage the complexity of French usage; make judgements even in the presence of limited information; reflect on the social and ethical responsibilities associated with the application of certain knowledge and judgements;- communicate knowledge in and about French, knowing how to explain the processes that led to their acquisition to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors;- To study the French language autonomously and independently. Being able to devise and develop a project in or on the French language and to complete it within the deadline set.

Educational objectives

The course objective is twofold: on the one hand it aims to consolidate and increase basic English language skills through listening practices, oral and written production and reading. On the other hand, the course intends to equip students with appropriate critical tools for the metalinguistic analysis of specific textual typologies typical of political communication conveyed through traditional and 'social' media.
The monographic course is accompanied by lettorati, a set of language activities delivered by CEL teachers and will be focused on consolidating English syntax, phonetics, and pragmatics.

Educational objectives

The course aims to offer students an advanced knowledge of Spanish language and linguistics. It will provide them the theoretical and empirical tools to deepen, even independently, the study of Spanish and the analysis of texts and discourses for specific purposes.

Specific objectives:
The monographic course, taught by the professor, intends to stimulate the ability to apply linguistic knowledge to the analysis of specific communication contexts and fields, namely the political one. These topics will be introduced through a variety of materials and oral and written documents in the FL to strengthen communication skills and stimulate metalinguistic reflection and individual analysis.
Exchange and active participation will also be favored through moments of confrontation with external guests.

Educational objectives

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor "Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Violet Schlossarek is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Antje Ingeborg Wolf is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

Educational objectives

The course also aims to stimulate the ability to apply this knowledge to the analysis of legal phenomena in contemporary society, comparing the sociological perspective with that of other disciplines.
Communication skills and the ability to elaborate analysis and judgments on the issues addressed will also be stimulated, encouraging active participation in open discussions and meetings with external guests.
Through these opportunities for comparison the course aims to offer theoretical and empirical tools for the analysis of judicial processes, encouraging interest in law system, also in view of the acquisition of greater awareness of the processes underway in contemporary societies.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the basic knowledge for the analysis and understanding of the evolution of the international political system since the 1840s, focusing on colonialism, decolonization, and globalization. Through the study of these topics students will be able to acquire the knowledge and the interpretative skills necessary to understand the main dynamics of history of international relations and the globalization process. The inclusion of on-going audits in the form of short presentations and discussions by the students will also provide the necessary critical elements and a concrete capacity for analysis.

Educational objectives

General aims
The course aims to thematically cover the main events and developments referring to the contemporary history of the African continent. This is done from an international perspective, including subjects from the colonial expansion to the present day. Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired the necessary tools for a specialist knowledge of the historical evolution of the political and economic systems of contemporary Africa within the framework of transnational relations. They will also understand the differences among the various local, regional, and international dimensions.
Specific objectives
- analyse and understanding the main developments of the African continent through a historical perspective.
- acquire a critical and analytical approach to the problems, priorities and national and international policies affecting African countries.
- ability to analyze and use general knowledge to fully understand the African reality in a comparative perspective

Educational objectives

According to the Dublin Descriptors, at the end of the course students will have to- demonstrate knowledge and comprehension skills in French which reinforce those of the first cycle and enable them to develop original ideas, particularly in a research context;- be capable of solving problems in new or unfamiliar areas, set in broader or interdisciplinary contexts, related to French;- integrate knowledge of French and manage the complexity of French usage; make judgements even in the presence of limited information; reflect on the social and ethical responsibilities associated with the application of certain knowledge and judgements;- communicate knowledge in and about French, knowing how to explain the processes that led to their acquisition to specialist and non-specialist interlocutors;- To study the French language autonomously and independently. Being able to devise and develop a project in or on the French language and to complete it within the deadline set.

Educational objectives

The course objective is twofold: on the one hand it aims to consolidate and increase basic English language skills through listening practices, oral and written production and reading. On the other hand, the course intends to equip students with appropriate critical tools for the metalinguistic analysis of specific textual typologies typical of political communication conveyed through traditional and 'social' media.
The monographic course is accompanied by lettorati, a set of language activities delivered by CEL teachers and will be focused on consolidating English syntax, phonetics, and pragmatics.

Educational objectives

The course aims to offer students an advanced knowledge of Spanish language and linguistics. It will provide them the theoretical and empirical tools to deepen, even independently, the study of Spanish and the analysis of texts and discourses for specific purposes.

Specific objectives:
The monographic course, taught by the professor, intends to stimulate the ability to apply linguistic knowledge to the analysis of specific communication contexts and fields, namely the political one. These topics will be introduced through a variety of materials and oral and written documents in the FL to strengthen communication skills and stimulate metalinguistic reflection and individual analysis.
Exchange and active participation will also be favored through moments of confrontation with external guests.

Educational objectives

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor "Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Violet Schlossarek is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

"Uses and abuses of German in public communication" is the title of this course, the objectives of which have a twofold character:

(i) The training objective of the monographic course aims - through the reading and discussion of texts of different types (in terms of medium, style and size) - at the acquisition of critical, linguistic and metalinguistic tools, suitable for recognising and evaluating the persuasive content of ideologically functionalised expressions.

(ii) The objective of the lecture course (held by the linguistic expert and instructor Dott.ssa Antje Ingeborg Wolf is to perfect the language skills acquired previously, in order to reach CEFR level B2.
It should be noted that the lectures of the lectureship begin in the first semester.

Educational objectives

Provide a conceptual overview of the cybersecurity landscape: threats, actors, tools, international regulations, and governance. Develop critical digital literacy: understand fundamental risks and protections (know how to assess vulnerabilities and countermeasures). Enable students to engage with technical experts, evaluate policies, strategies, and scenarios, and make informed decisions on cybersecurity issues within the context of international affairs and public policy. Practice analyzing real-world cases: actual attacks, cyber geopolitics, regulation, and emerging scenarios.Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Educational objectives

The course will provide the instruments of knowledge and analysis to understand the Italian institutional history since the Second World War and the institutional history of the European Union, in their interrelation. It will illustrate the constitutional history of Italy from the Constituent Assembly to date - setting it in the development process of European constitutionalism - and the genesis and evolution of the institutions of the European Union from the 1948 Hague Congress to the Treaty of Lisbon.

Educational objectives

acquire knowledge of the long history of migrations
understanding of the different causes and consequences of migrations;

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide an introduction to the main critical theories of law, reconstructing their theoretical foundations and their relationship with contemporary legal positivism and American legal realism.
The course examines the principal strands of critical legal theories (Critical Race Theory, feminist legal theories, queer theory, postcolonial studies, migration studies, disability studies), highlighting the critique of the neutrality of the legal subject and its entanglement with power relations, social structures, and dynamics of exclusion.

Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of the main critical legal theories and their theoretical foundations, as well as their relationship with legal positivism and American legal realism.
Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to analyse legal phenomena through critical approaches, identifying the role of power, social structures, and exclusion.
Making judgements: development of critical and independent evaluations of the supposed neutrality of law and the legal subject.
Communication skills: ability to clearly present and discuss critical perspectives on law using appropriate terminology.
Learning skills: capacity for independent study and for engaging with interdisciplinary and evolving critical legal debates.