Philosophy

History as first philosophy. A path through phenomenology. The stream of thought inaugurated by Edmund Husserl aims to rebuild a "first philosophy " directed, as a "rigorous science," to "things themselves." Phenomenology thus possesses a strongly speculative and theoretical approach, from which historical considerations are excluded. However, in the development of the method, in Husserl and later in the "heresies" of his disciples, history gradually acquires an increasingly central role: no longer a specific object on which to exercise theory, but a condition of possibility of thought itself. Forcing the assumptions of phenomenology to the point of overstepping them, history thus rises to the role of "first philosophy" The course will be articulated through a discussion with four authors: Husserl, Heidegger, Derrida, Foucault.

General knowledge of the history of philosophy with special focus on history of metaphysics and on history of modern and contemporary philosophy

1) E. Husserl, Filosofia prima (1923-24). Teoria della riduzione fenomenologica. Parte seconda, ETS, Pisa 2008 2) M. Heidegger, La costituzione onto-teologica della metafisica (1957), in Identità e differenza, qualsiasi edizione o traduzione italiana accreditata (ad esempio Adelphi, Milano 2009, pp. 53-98). 3) J. Derrida, Introduzione a E. Husserl, L’origine della geometria (1962), Jaca Book, Milano 2008. 4) J. Derrida, Cogito o la storia della follia (1963), in La scrittura e la differenza (1967) (nella ed. it. Einaudi, Torino 1990, pp. 39-79). 5) M. Foucault, Risposta a Derrida (1972) (in trad. it. in Il discorso, la storia, la verità. Interventi 1969-1984, Einaudi, Torino 2001, pp. 101-117). 6) M. Foucault, Nietzsche, la genealogia, la storia (1971) (in trad. it. in Microfisica del potere, Einaudi, Torino 1977, p. 29-54 oppure in Il discorso, la storia, la verità. Interventi 1969-1984, Einaudi, Torino 2001, pp. 43-64).

attending the course is highly recommended

The evaluation consists of an oral examination. The following will be assessed (also during the course) 1. Knowledge and understanding of the text covered by the course, from its most general aspects to its details; in particular, the students' ability to confront a philosophical text and to critically analyse specific aspects of it will be assessed (assessment points 1-12). 2. The students' ability to express themselves and to master, even in detail, the vocabulary (points 1-8). 3. Knowledge of the historical context (in relation to the thought of the authors covered by the course and in relation to the history of philosophy in general) (points 1-5). 4. The capacity for original elaboration and personal deepening of the issues addressed (points 1-5)

Guide alla lettura e introduzioni al pensiero e alle opere specifiche degli autori in programma.

Lectures with reconstruction of the context and reading, analysis and commentary of the texts. The original texts will be constantly taken into account. Seminar discussion of the topics covered and “flipped classroom” experiments.